A tall tree of the Sterculiaceae (APG classification: Malvaceae). The leaves are oblong to obovate-elliptical, 10-20 cm long, and gray or silvery white on the underside. The panicles are 7-15 cm long. The fruits are very hard, flat-ovate, with a keel-like ridge, about 5 cm long, smooth and shiny. They grow in mangrove forests and on riverbanks, and are distributed in Amami Oshima, Okinawa, and tropical Asia and Africa. They are known for forming significant buttress roots. A colony of more than 50 of these trees at the mouth of the Maera River in Komi, Iriomote Island, is a nationally designated natural monument, and the total vertical surface area of the buttress roots of the most developed individuals is more than 17 tatami mats. Additionally, the colony in the Ntanara River basin at Mt. Omotodake in Fukai, Ishigaki Island, is also a nationally designated natural monument. There are few examples of colonies developed along a mountain stream more than nine kilometers from the coast as in this case. In the past, the buttress roots were used for boat rudders, and the wood and bark were used for dyes and folk medicines. The name "Sakishima" refers to Miyako and the Yaeyama Islands, and "Suou-no-ki" refers to the Suou, a dye plant of the legume family, as this species is used for dyes. [Keiichi Shimabukuro April 17, 2020] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アオギリ科(APG分類:アオイ科)の高木。葉は長楕円(ちょうだえん)形から倒卵状楕円形で長さ10~20センチメートル、裏面は灰色ないし銀白色。円錐(えんすい)花序は長さ7~15センチメートル。果実はきわめて堅く扁卵(へんらん)形で竜骨状の稜(りょう)があり、長さ約5センチメートル、平滑で光沢がある。マングローブ林内や川岸に生え、奄美(あまみ)大島、沖縄、および熱帯アジア、アフリカに分布する。著しい板根(ばんこん)を形成することで知られる。西表島(いりおもてじま)古見(こみ)の前良(めーら)川の河口の、この樹木50本以上からなる群落は国指定の天然記念物で、もっとも発達している個体における板根の垂直面の合計面積は17畳以上にも及ぶ。また、石垣島の桴海(ふかい)於茂登岳(おもとだけ)のンタナーラ川の流域にある群落も国指定の天然記念物である。当地のように海岸から9キロメートル以上離れた渓流沿いに群落が発達している例は少ない。古くは、この板根を船の舵(かじ)に、材や樹皮は染料あるいは民間薬に用いたという。名の「先島」は宮古、八重山(やえやま)列島をさし、「スオウノキ」は、本種を染料とするところから、マメ科の染料植物であるスオウをあてたものである。 [島袋敬一 2020年4月17日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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