Born: March 9, 1923, Vienna, Austria
[Died] April 19, 2016. Santa Barbara, California, United States. Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. After Germany's annexation of Austria (→Anschluss) in 1938, he fled to the UK. He later emigrated to Canada and obtained his master's degree from the University of Toronto in 1946. He obtained his doctorate from Harvard University in 1948 and taught there until 1950. He was a professor at the Carnegie Institution for Science and Technology (today's Carnegie Mellon University) from 1950 to 1960, and at the University of California, San Diego from 1960 to 1979. He helped to found the Department of Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara (today's Kavli Institute) in 1979, and was a professor at the same university's physics department from 1984 to 1991. In the 1960s, he showed that knowledge of the electron density is sufficient to describe molecules in solids quantum mechanically, and developed the density functional method to determine this density. This theory brought about revolutionary advances in chemical analysis, facilitating the calculation of the geometric structure of macromolecules and the diagramming of chemical reaction pathways. In 1988, he was awarded the National Medal of Science. In 1998, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (→Nobel Prize) together with John A. Pople, who introduced computer science methods to the field of quantum chemistry and developed a computer program. (→Theoretical Physics) cone
Cohn, Ferdinand Julius Born January 24, 1828 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland)
[Died] June 25, 1898, Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland)
German botanist and one of the founders of bacteriology. Born the son of a Jewish merchant. He enrolled at the University of Breslau, but was unable to obtain a degree due to racial reasons, so he transferred to the University of Berlin, where he earned his degree in 1847. He became a lecturer at the University of Breslau (1850) and professor (57). He studied the physiology of plant seeds and potato proteins. In 1870 he became editor of the Botanical Journal Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen, in which he published many of his research results. At the time, there were still some believers in spontaneous generation, and they cited the generation of bacteria in the juice squeezed from dried grass that had been heated for sterilization as their main argument. However, Kohn discovered that Bacillus subtilis formed spores (75), and further demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis spores survived heating (77), demonstrating that the phenomenon that appeared to be spontaneous generation was due to incomplete sterilization. In 1876, he recognized the significance of and supported the research of the unknown physician R. Koch on the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Another important achievement of Kohn was the proposal that bacteria can be classified into several species based on their morphology and physiology. cone
Khon A Thai masked dance drama. It developed from the shadow puppet theater Nang Yai, which was performed at the royal court, and is said to have imitated the movements of puppeteers. The performance in front of a screen is called Khon Na Cho, and this performance style remains to this day. Traditionally, it was performed entirely by men, but after Lakhon Nai began to be performed frequently at the royal court, Khon was influenced to some extent, incorporating lyrics from Lakhon Nai and the role of Princess Sita was played by a woman. All roles except for female roles wore masks, but from the reign of Rama VI (early 20th century), performers of gods and royal families stopped wearing masks and began wearing makeup. Nowadays, only demons, monkeys (→Hanuman), and animal roles wear masks. Prince Rama and Prince Lakshmana are performed by young men with well-formed faces. The movements are gentle and stylized, and some forms are similar to the mie poses of Kabuki. The music is by a Pepat arrangement led by Ranat Ek on xylophone. cone
Cone, James H. Born: August 5, 1938. Fordyce is a leading American black liberation theologian. At the age of 10, he became a member of the Macedonian African Methodist Episcopal Church, a black church, and became its pastor at the tender age of 16. He studied at Garrett Theological Seminary and received his doctorate from Northwestern University (1963) for a dissertation on K. Barth's anthropology. He went on to study at Philander Smith College and Adrian University in Arkansas, before becoming a professor at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He came to Japan in 1975 and 1979. He viewed the gospel of Jesus Christ from the perspective of liberation from oppression, and his understanding of God as the God of the oppressed has developed into a unique theology of black liberation. His major works include Black Theology and Black Power (69) and The God of the Oppressed (75). cone
Cohn, Gustav Born: December 12, 1840 in Marienwerder (now Kwidzyn, Poland)
Died September 20, 1918, Göttingen. German economist. Member of the New Historical School. Studied at the Universities of Berlin and Jena, and was professor at the Riga Technical University (1869-72). He then went to England, where he studied the history of British railways. He was then professor at the University of Zurich (1875-84), and from 1884 onwards at the University of Göttingen. He placed emphasis on the ethical and social-psychological elements of economic life, and attempted to introduce historical and social perspectives into classical theory. His main work was System der Nationalökonomie (3 volumes, 85-98). cone
Cohn, Jonas Born: December 2, 1869 in Garlitz
[Died] January 12, 1947, Birmingham German philosopher and aesthetician. Professor at the University of Freiburg. He belonged to the Southwest German school of Neo-Kantianism and started out from a position close to H. Rickert, but later took a Neo-Hegelian position and advocated "critical dialectics." In the field of aesthetics, he attempted to set boundaries in the realm of aesthetic value. His main works are "Allgemeine Ästhetik" (1901), "Theorie der Dialektik" (23), "Der deutsche Idealismus" (23), and "Wirklichkeit als Aufgabe" (55). cone
Kohn, Hans Born: September 15, 1891 in Prague
[Died] March 17, 1971, Philadelphia. Czechoslovakian-born American historian and political scientist. After World War I, he came to the United States and taught at Smith College, Princeton University, and other universities. Known as a researcher of nationalism, he wrote many books, including Nationalismus (1922), The Idea of Nationalism (51), and Nationalism: Its Meaning and History (55). cone
Cohn, Edwin Joseph Born: December 17, 1892 in New York
[Died] October 1, 1953, Boston. American biochemist. Studied at the University of Chicago and the University of Copenhagen, and continued his research at Harvard Medical School. He invented a method to separate various proteins in plasma. This method is called the "Cohn plasma protein fractionation method." This method made it possible to use plasma components for medical treatment. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
