Jishu Kiln

It is a representative Chinese pottery kiln, and can be broadly divided into two categories: broad and narrow. In the narrow sense, it refers to the ancient kiln sites spread across the Ci County area of ​​Hebei Province, and wonderful kiln sites from the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) have been discovered in Guandai Town and Dong Aikou Village on the outskirts of Handan City, and the kiln in Pengcheng Town, Ci County, still preserves the tradition of Cizhou kilns today. The products are characterized by white-glazed pottery, which is made by covering a grayish-white or yellowish-white pottery body with a pure white decorative clay and then applying a transparent glaze. Guantaijin Kilns produce typical white-glazed pottery with patterns created using the black-on-white scraping method, as well as black-brown-glazed pottery, green-glazed pottery, and jade-glazed pottery with white-glazed green paint, white line engraving, and white scraped-off iron painting, making them a symbolic presence among the private miscellaneous kilns of North China.

On the other hand, in a broader sense, it is a general term for the kilns that fired these North China pottery. In other words, the kilns are distributed over a vast area, centered around Henan Province, including Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, Shandong, and Hebei Provinces, and their activity began in the late Tang Dynasty (9th century) and reached its peak in the Northern Song Dynasty. Although the rise and fall of the kilns varies depending on the kiln, Zibo kilns and Boshan kilns in Shandong Province, Pingding kilns in Shanxi Province, and Cizhou kilns in Hebei Province are representative kilns that have survived to the present day.

[Yoshiaki Yabe]

"Hasebe Rakuji, Ceramic Series 39: Jishu Kiln" (1974, Heibonsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の代表的な陶窯で、広狭両義に大別される。狭義には河北(かほく／ホーペイ)省磁県一帯に広がる古窯址(し)をさし、邯鄲(かんたん／ハンタン)市郊外の観台鎮(かんだいちん)、東艾口(とうがいこう)村に北宋(ほくそう)（960～1127）時代のすばらしい窯址が発見されており、磁県彭城鎮(ほうじょうちん)窯は現在でも磁州窯の伝統を守っている。製品の特色は、灰白色、黄白色の陶胎に純白の化粧土をかけて透明釉(ゆう)を施す白釉陶にあり、観台鎮窯では白地黒掻(か)き落し法で文様を表す典型的な白釉陶が焼造されており、ほかに白釉緑彩、白地線彫り、白掻き落し白地鉄絵を中心とし、黒褐釉陶や緑釉陶、翡翠(ひすい)釉陶を焼き、華北の民間雑窯の象徴的存在となっている。

　一方、広義には、こうした華北陶を焼造した窯の総称である。すなわち河南(かなん／ホーナン)省を中心に、山西(さんせい／シャンシー)、陝西(せんせい／シャンシー)、安徽(あんき／アンホイ)、山東(さんとう／シャントン)、河北省と広大な地域に窯は分布しており、活動時期は晩唐（9世紀）に始まり、北宋に最盛期をつくった。窯によって起伏消長は異なるが、山東省の淄博(しはく)窯、博山窯、山西省の平定窯、河北省の磁州窯などは現代まで存続する代表的な窯である。

［矢部良明］

『長谷部楽爾著『陶磁大系39　磁州窯』（1974・平凡社）』

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