Tenmacho - Tenmacho

Japanese: 伝馬町 - てんまちょう

In early modern castle towns, these were towns that bore the burden of the 'Tenmacho' service in accordance with the transport and communication duties ordered by the shogunate and feudal lords. In the case of Edo, there were three 'Tenmacho' districts: Odenmacho and Minamidenmacho, which bore the responsibility of providing labor and 'Tenmacho' services on the five roads from within Edo, and Kodenmacho, which bore the responsibility of providing official transport and communication services within Edo. The 'Tenmacho' district officials also served as headmen and were hereditary. The 'Tenmacho' service was run on the basis of expenditures based on the number of land lots of the landlords and head of the household that made up each district. The burden on the landlords and head of the household in Tenmacho was heavier than that of other towns that bore the burden, so various subsidy systems were established. Tenmacho developed as a commercial district through its involvement in the transport industry. In 1638, Yotsuya Denmacho and Akasaka Denmacho were established as districts attached to Odenmacho and Minamidenmacho.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

近世の城下町において，幕府・大名の命ずる交通・通信業務に従う伝馬役を負担した町。江戸の場合，江戸府内から五街道にかかる人足・伝馬の継立てを負担した大伝馬(おおでんま)町・南伝馬町，江戸府内限りの公用の交通・通信に従う小伝馬町の三伝馬町があった。三伝馬町の伝馬役人は名主役を兼ね，世襲された。伝馬役はそれぞれの町を構成する地主，家持の屋敷の間口数に応じて出費，それをもとに運営された。伝馬町の地主，家持の負担は他の役負担の町に比べ過重であったため，さまざまな助成制度が設けられていた。伝馬町は交通業に関与することによって商業地域としても発展した。なお1638年，大伝馬町・南伝馬町に付属する町として，四谷伝馬町と赤坂伝馬町が起立されている。
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