…There are two theories about the origin of the shurta: the time of the Orthodox Caliphs and the time of Muawiyah I of the Umayyad dynasty. Unlike the ḥarasa, which were the guards and sentinels who protected castles, the shurta of that time served as the personal guard and security force of the caliph or governor, and were responsible for detecting and suppressing hostile or disturbing elements. The authority of the ṣāḥib al-shurṭa, the chief of the shurta in the Abbasid and Fatimid dynasties, was great, often surpassing that of the qadi (judge). … *Some of the glossaries that mention "ḥarasa" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…シュルタの起源については,正統カリフ時代,あるいはウマイヤ朝のムアーウィヤ1世時代の両説がある。城を守る衛兵や番兵のハラサḥarasaとは異なり,当時のシュルタはカリフや総督の親衛隊・治安部隊として敵対分子や不穏分子の摘発・鎮圧にあたった。アッバース朝やファーティマ朝におけるシュルタの長官ṣāḥib al‐shurṭaの権限は大きく,しばしばカーディー(裁判官)のそれを凌駕するほどであった。… ※「ḥarasa」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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