Gor'kii, Maksim

Japanese: ゴーリキー（英語表記）Gor'kii， Maksim

Born: March 28, 1868, Nizhny Novgorod
[Died] June 18, 1936. Gorky Russian and Soviet novelist and playwright. His real name was Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov. He lost his parents at a young age, and from the age of 11 he took up various jobs and experienced life in the Russian lower classes. At the age of 16 he went to Kazan and participated in the revolutionary movement. He was arrested several times. After his release, he published a series of works that romantically sang the yearning for freedom of people living at the bottom of Russian society, including his debut novel Makar Chudra (1892), the short story Cherkash (95), Granny Izergili, People Who Once Were Human, and the play The Lower Depths. After writing the novel Foma Gordeev (99), he produced many politically charged works that directly appealed for the liberation of the proletariat, including the play Vragi (1906) and the novel The Mother. He went into exile in 1906, and returned briefly after the revolution, but spent most of his time abroad until 1930. His other works include Detstvo (13-14), V lyudyakh (15-16), an autobiographical trilogy called Moi universitety (23), and the unfinished novel Zhizn' Klima Samgina (27-36). He was the first Secretary-General of the Union of Soviet Writers.

Gorky

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Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1868.3.28. ニジニーノブゴロド
[没]1936.6.18. ゴーリキー
ロシア，ソ連の小説家，劇作家。本名 Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov。幼くして両親を失い，11歳からさまざまな職業につき，ロシアの下層社会の生活を体験。 16歳のときカザンに行き革命運動に参加。何度か逮捕された。釈放後，処女作『マカール・チュードラ』 Makar Chudra (1892) ，短編『チェルカッシュ』 Cherkash (95) ，『イゼルギリ婆さん』『かつて人間だった人々』，戯曲『どん底』など，ロシア社会の底辺に生きる人間の自由への憧憬をロマンチックにうたいあげた作品を相次いで発表。長編『フォマ・ゴルデーエフ』 Foma Gordeev (99) 執筆以後，プロレタリアートの解放を直接的に訴える政治的色彩の濃い作品を発表，戯曲『敵』 Vragi (1906) や長編『母』はその頂点をなした。 1906年以後国外に亡命，革命後一時帰国したが，30年まではほとんど国外で過した。ほかに『幼年時代』 Detstvo (13～14) ，『人々の中で』V lyudyakh (15～16) ，『私の大学』 Moi universitety (23) の自伝3部作，未完に終った長編『クリム・サムギンの生涯』 Zhizn' Klima Samgina (27～36) など。ソビエト作家同盟初代書記長。