A tall tree of the legume family. Native to India, it is cultivated in Okinawa, Hachijo Island, and southern Kyushu. The trunk is thick and bumpy, and can grow up to 10m tall. The bark is grayish-white. The branches have thick thorns. The leaves are trifoliate, with elliptical leaflets about 10cm long and entire leaf margins. In spring, before the leaves appear, racemes form at the ends of the branches, and bright red, butterfly-shaped flowers bloom densely. The flowers face diagonally downward and bloom in order from the bottom of the inflorescence. There are 10 stamens, with only the top one being short, and the bottom nine fused together at the base of the filaments to form a bundle. The fruit is a pod about 30cm long and hairless. It does not bear much fruit in Japan. In Okinawa, it is called daegu, and is the prefectural flower. Plants of this genus are found in tropical regions of both the Old and New Worlds, and one species, E. americana , is cold-tolerant and is cultivated as a garden tree in Honshu, Japan. A closely related species, E. boninensis , is endemic to the Ogasawara Islands. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
マメ科の高木。インド原産で沖縄,八丈島,九州南部で栽植される。幹は太く瘤状の凹凸があり,高さは 10mにもなって,樹皮は灰白色をしている。枝には太いとげがある。葉は3出複葉で小葉は長さ 10cmほどの楕円形,葉縁は全縁である。春,葉にさきがけて,枝先に総状花序をなし,鮮かな赤色の蝶形花を密につける。花は斜め下方を向き花序の下方から順に開花する。おしべは 10本で上方の1本だけが短く,下方の9本は花糸の基部で癒着し1束になる。果実は長さ 30cmほどの莢になり毛はない。日本ではあまり結実しない。沖縄ではこれをデーグと呼び,県花となっている。この属の植物は新旧両大陸の熱帯地方にあり,そのうちの1種アメリカデイコ E. americanaは寒さに強いので日本の本州でも庭園樹として栽植される。また小笠原諸島にはごく近縁の特産種ムニンデイコ E. boninensisがある。
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