Coriolis - Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis

Japanese: コリオリ - こりおり(英語表記)Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis
Coriolis - Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis

French mechanician. Famous for the Coriolis force. Born in Paris, he entered the École Polytechnique (science and engineering school) in 1808. After graduating, he continued his research at the École de Ponts et Chaussées (civil engineering school), and in 1816 became an assistant professor of analysis and mechanics at the École Polytechnique, where he served as professor until 1838 when he became the head of research. In 1836, he became a member of the Academie des Sciences. He believed that theoretical mechanics should be a general theory of the workings of machines, and in 1829 he published On the Calculation of the Effects of Machines, proposing new terminology and theoretical methods. In particular, he used the concept of work to formulate the vital force (kinetic energy) as 1/2mv 2. He also showed that if the resultant force of forces is zero, the value of work does not depend on the coordinate system. He then progressed to considering inertial forces by changing the coordinate system in order to evaluate power machines, and his work on the "Coriolis force" that appears in a rotating coordinate system was an important achievement in fields such as geophysics and ballistics.

[Kiyoshi Takada, July 20, 2018]

[References] | Coriolis force | Ballistics | Geophysics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの機械学者。「コリオリの力」で有名。パリに生まれ、1808年エコール・ポリテクニク(理工科大学校)に入学。卒業後、エコール・ド・ポン・エ・ショッセ(土木工科大学)で研究を続け、1816年にエコール・ポリテクニクの解析学・機械学助教授となり、1838年に研究主任となるまで教授を務めた。1836年科学アカデミー会員となった。理論力学が機械の働きについての一般理論でなければならないと考え、1829年『機械の効果の計算について』を出版し、新しい用語法と理論的方法を提出した。とくに、仕事の概念を用いて、活力(運動エネルギー)について1/2mv2という定式化を行った。また、力の合力がゼロであれば、仕事の値は座標系によらないことを示した。その後、動力機械を評価するために座標系の変更による慣性力の考察へと進んだが、とくに回転座標系で現れる「コリオリの力」は地球物理学や弾道学などにとって重要な業績である。

[高田紀代志 2018年7月20日]

[参照項目] | コリオリの力 | 弾道学 | 地球物理学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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