Old North Gate - Kohokukou (English name)

Japanese: 古北口 - こほくこう（英語表記）Gǔ běi kŏu

A stronghold on the Great Wall, northeast of Miyun County, Beijing, China, along which the Chaohe River (a tributary of the Baihe River) flows. It was one of the gates leading from inland China to the Great Wall, and during the Qing Dynasty it was a key location connecting Beijing and Jehol. Its name appears in records from the 12th century as a passageway for northern peoples to invade China. In particular, during the Ming Dynasty it was located halfway between Shanhaiguan and Juyongguan, and, together with Xifengkou to the northeast and Dushikou to the northwest, it formed the first line of defense against Mongol attacks on the national capital, Beijing. Xifengkou is north of Qianxi County, Hebei Province, and Dushikou is north of Chicheng County, and all three gates have walled towns built to house garrisons inside the Great Wall that remain to this day.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，北京市密雲県の北東，万里の長城に設けられた要害で，これにそって潮河(白河の支流)が貫流している。中国内地から長城外に出入りする関門の一つであり，清代には北京と熱河とを結ぶ要地であった。北方民族が中国に侵入する通路として，その名は12世紀から記録にみえる。とくに明代には山海関と居庸関との中間を占め，北東の喜峰口，北西の独石口と並んで，国都北京をモンゴル族の攻撃から守る第一線を形づくっていた。喜峰口は河北省遷西県の北，独石口は同じく赤城県の北にあって，3口とも万里の長城の内側には駐屯軍を収容するために築かれた城壁のある町が今日も残っている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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