Koblenz - Koblenz (English spelling)

Japanese: コブレンツ - こぶれんつ(英語表記)Koblenz
Koblenz - Koblenz (English spelling)

A city in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in mid-western Germany. Population 108,000 (2000). Located at a strategic location where the Rhine meets the Moselle and Lahn rivers, it has been a military base since Roman times. It has continued the tradition of a Prussian fortress city since the 19th century, and is home to a large garrison for NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) forces and the German Armed Forces, as well as the headquarters of the Federal Institute of Defence Technology and the Border Guard. In addition to its functions as the central city of the northern part of the state, it is also a popular tourist base along the Rhine and Moselle rivers. It is a trading centre for Rhine and Moselle wine, and also produces car parts, detergents, furniture, pianos, textiles and other products.

[Yoichi Asano]

history

The origin of Koblenz is a fortress built at the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle during the reign of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. The name comes from the Latin name Confluentes, which means confluence. Since the 5th century, it has often been the residence of Frankish kings, and urban life has developed accordingly. However, it is located at the confluence of two large navigable rivers and is also located along the land route between Mainz and Cologne, and it played an important role as a distribution center for wine produced along the Moselle. The city area was originally part of the Empire (Holy Roman Empire), but in 1018 Emperor Henry II (reigned 1002-24) donated it to the Archbishop of Trier, and it became a bishopric, and the archbishop's residence was established there from the second half of the 15th century onwards. When the League of Rhine Cities was formed in 1254, Koblenz also participated. During the French Revolution, exiled aristocrats from France gathered in the city, and it became a source of counter-revolutionary plots. One example is the "Declaration of Koblenz" issued in 1792 by the Count of Provence (later Louis XVIII), the younger brother of Louis XVI, and the Count of Artois (later Charles X). During the Napoleonic Wars, the city was occupied by the French army and temporarily became the capital of the Rhine-Moselle state. During World War II, the city was thoroughly damaged by Allied air raids.

[Shosuke Hirajo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ中西部、ラインラント・プファルツ州の都市。人口10万8000(2000)。ライン川にモーゼル川とラーン川が合流する交通上の要地にあり、ローマ時代から軍事拠点であった。19世紀以来のプロイセンの要塞(ようさい)都市の伝統を引き継ぎ、NATO(ナトー)(北大西洋条約機構)軍やドイツ国防軍の大規模な駐屯地となっており、連邦国防技術研究所や国境警備隊司令部の所在地でもある。州北部の中心都市としての諸機能のほか、ライン川、モーゼル川沿岸の観光基地としてもにぎわっている。ラインワイン、モーゼルワインの取引中心地で、車両部品、洗剤、家具、ピアノ、織物などの工業も行われる。

[朝野洋一]

歴史

ローマ皇帝ティベリウスの時代にライン川とモーゼル川の合流点に建設された城塞が、コブレンツの起源である。名称は、合流点を意味するラテン名コンフルエンテスConfluentesに由来する。5世紀以降、しばしばフランク国王の居住地となり、それに伴って都市的生活も発展をみたが、航行可能な二つの大河の合流点に位置し、マインツ―ケルンを結ぶ陸上路にも沿っているという地理的好条件に恵まれ、とりわけモーゼル川沿岸産のぶどう酒の集散地として重要な役割を果たした。市域はもともと帝国(神聖ローマ)領であったが、1018年、皇帝ハインリヒ2世(在位1002~24)がこれをトリール大司教に寄進した結果、司教都市となり、15世紀後半以降は大司教の居館が置かれた。1254年のライン都市同盟の結成に際し、コブレンツもこれに参加した。フランス革命当時、フランスからの亡命貴族がこの町に集まり、反革命的な企ての策源地となった。ルイ16世の弟のプロバンス伯(後のルイ18世)とアルトア伯(後のシャルル10世)が共同して、1792年「コブレンツの宣言」を発したのもその一例である。ナポレオン戦争によってフランス軍に占領され、一時ライン・モーゼル州の首都となったことがある。第二次世界大戦に際しては、連合軍の空襲により徹底的な被害を受けた。

[平城照介]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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