Lava dome - lava dome

Japanese: 溶岩円頂丘 - ようがんえんちょうきゅう
Lava dome - lava dome

A type of volcano. It is the same as a lava dome. In the past, it was called a troide or a bell volcano. Very viscous lava such as rhyolite, dacite, or andesite pushes out onto the surface of the earth, rising above the crater to form a dome-shaped hill.

Between 1991 and 1995, a dacite lava dome was formed on the summit of Mount Unzen Fugen in Nagasaki Prefecture. It is 1.2 kilometers long, 0.8 kilometers wide, and has a relative height of about 450 meters. A cryptodome is a cone that does not erupt on the surface, but solidifies underground and rises up into a dome shape on the surface. Showa Shinzan on Mount Usu, formed between 1944 and 1945, is a part of the top of a cryptodome that is now visible on the surface.

Even basaltic lava can form a lava dome when it begins to solidify and becomes more viscous. The boundary between a lava dome and a thick lava flow is not clear. There are exogenous growth methods, where lava is continuously added to the surface and grows, and endogenous growth methods, where lava is continuously injected inward and grows. They can be found on the summit of Mt. Tarumae in Hokkaido, Makuyama in Yugawara Town, Ashigarashimo County, Kanagawa Prefecture, Mt. Daisen in Tottori Prefecture, as well as Niijima and Kozushima in the Izu Islands.

[Setsutsutaka Nakata]

[References] | Volcano | Dacite | Lava
Showa Shinzan
A parasitic volcano (398m above sea level) of Mount Usu on the south shore of Lake Toya. Farmland in Sobetsu Town began to rise in 1944 (Showa 19), and a lava dome formed with repeated explosions. At the foot of the mountain stands a statue of Mimatsu Masao, who meticulously recorded the process of the formation of the new volcano. Part of Shikotsu-Toya National Park. Nationally designated special natural monument Sobetsu Town, Usu District, Hokkaido © Sobetsu Town Economic and Environmental Affairs Division, Commerce, Industry and Tourism Office ">

Showa Shinzan

Schematic diagram of the structure and morphology of a volcano
©Masazumi Fujita ">

Schematic diagram of the structure and morphology of a volcano


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

火山形態の一種。溶岩ドームと同語。古くはトロイデ、鐘状火山などとよばれた。流紋岩、デイサイトや安山岩のごく粘り強い溶岩が地表に押し出し、火口上に盛り上がってドーム状の丘をなす。

 1991年(平成3)から1995年にかけて長崎県雲仙普賢岳(うんぜんふげんだけ)の山頂にデイサイト質の溶岩ドームが形成された。長さ1.2キロメートル、幅0.8キロメートル、比高約450メートルの大きさをもつ。地表に噴出せず、地下で固まり、地表をドーム状に盛り上げたものを潜在円頂丘(潜在ドーム)という。1944年(昭和19)から1945年にかけて形成された有珠(うす)山の昭和新山は潜在ドームの頂部の一部が地表に顔を出したものである。

 玄武岩質の溶岩でも固まりかけて粘性が高くなると溶岩ドームをつくる。溶岩ドームと厚い溶岩流との境は明確ではない。溶岩が次々と表面につけ加わって大きくなる外成的な成長の仕方と、溶岩が次々に内側に注入して大きくなる内成的な成長の仕方がある。北海道樽前(たるまえ)山頂、神奈川県足柄下(あしがらしも)郡湯河原(ゆがわら)町の幕山(まくやま)、鳥取県の大山(だいせん)のほか、伊豆諸島の新島(にいじま)や神津(こうづ)島にも存在する。

[中田節也]

[参照項目] | 火山 | デイサイト | 溶岩
昭和新山
洞爺湖南岸にある有珠山の寄生火山(標高398m)。1944年(昭和19)から壮瞥町内の畑地が隆起し始め、爆発を繰り返しながら溶岩円頂丘を形成した。麓には新火山の生成過程を克明に記録し続けた三松正夫の像が建つ。支笏洞爺国立公園の一部。国指定特別天然記念物 北海道有珠郡壮瞥町©壮瞥町経済環境課商工観光室">

昭和新山

火山の構造模式図と形態
©藤田正純">

火山の構造模式図と形態


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