Five-rank Edo Circular

Japanese: 五品江戸廻令 - ごひんえどまわしれい

At the end of the Edo period, the shogunate issued a distribution control order to restrict trade with Yokohama. Since the port was opened in June 1859, many export goods, including raw silk, were sent directly from the production areas to Yokohama, which led to a decrease in the volume of goods sent to Edo, and the distribution system centered on Edo was in danger of collapse. Furthermore, the sudden increase in trade volume caused prices in Edo to soar, leading to hardship for the common people. In March of the leap year of the Man'en era (60), the shogunate banned the direct shipment of five export goods - miscellaneous grains, water oil, wax, kimono, and raw silk - to Yokohama, and ordered them to be sent to Edo instead, in an attempt to meet the demand in the domestic market and stabilize the lives of the common people. As a result, the order achieved considerable results for the four goods except raw silk, but was ineffective for raw silk, the largest trade item, due to opposition from Yokohama merchants and foreign countries.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代末期，幕府が横浜貿易を制限するために出した流通統制令。安政6 (1859) 年6月開港以来，生糸など多くの輸出品が産地から横浜へ直送されるようになったため，江戸送りの荷高は減少し，江戸を中心とした流通機構は解体の危機に瀕した。そのうえ急激な貿易量の増大によって江戸市中の物価が急騰したため，庶民は生活苦にあえいだ。そこで幕府は，万延1 (60) 年閏3月，輸出品のうち雑穀，水油，ろう，呉服，生糸の5品を直接横浜へ送荷するのを禁じ江戸へ廻送するよう命じ，国内市場の需要を満たし庶民生活の安定をはかろうとした。その結果，生糸を除く4品についてはかなりの成果をあげえたが，最大の貿易品である生糸については横浜商人と諸外国の反対があり，効果はなかった。

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