…The soft components are gamma rays, electrons, and positrons, also known as electromagnetic components. In a material, gamma rays are converted into electrons and positrons through electron pair creation for each radiation path (5 mm for lead), and the electrons and positrons lose most of their energy by emitting gamma rays. The repetition of this process is called an electromagnetic cascade shower, and after a rapid increase in the number of particles, the energy of each particle decreases and is absorbed by the material through the Compton effect, photoelectric effect, and ionization loss. In contrast, the hard components are muons and heavier particles, and the probability of generating bremsstrahlung is inversely proportional to the square of the mass, so the energy loss in the material is small and the penetration power is great. … From [Shower]...When this phenomenon occurs repeatedly in a substance and increases in number, it is called a nuclear cascade shower or N-cascade. In the case of gamma rays and electrons, due to interactions with the electric field within the atom, gamma rays create electron-positron pairs, and electrons and positrons repeatedly emit gamma rays, so the shower is a mixture of gamma rays, electrons, and positrons, and is called an electromagnetic cascade shower or electromagnetic cascade. After each shower reaches a maximum number of particles roughly proportional to the incident energy, they decay due to ionization losses and are absorbed by the substance. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "electro-magnetic cascade shower" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…軟成分はγ線,電子,陽電子で,電磁成分とも呼ばれ,物質中では放射行程(鉛で5mm)ごとに,γ線は電子対生成によって電子と陽電子に転化し,電子と陽電子はγ線を放射することによってエネルギーの大半を失う。この過程の繰返し現象を電磁カスケードシャワーelectro‐magnetic cascade showerと呼び,粒子数が急速に増加した後,個々の粒子のエネルギーは低下してコンプトン効果,光電効果および電離損失によって物質に吸収されてしまう。これに反し,硬成分はμ粒子およびさらに重い粒子で,制動放射を起こす確率が質量の2乗に反比例するため,物質中でのエネルギー損失は小さく,貫通力が大きい。… 【シャワー】より…また,これが物質中で繰り返し発生して数を増す現象は,核カスケードシャワーnuclear cascade showerあるいはNカスケードN‐cascade,核カスケードという。γ線や電子の場合には原子内電場との相互作用によって,γ線は電子・陽電子対の創生を,また,電子,陽電子はγ線の放射を繰り返すため,シャワーの成分はγ線,電子,陽電子の混合したものとなり,電磁カスケードシャワーelectro‐magnetic cascade showerまたは電磁カスケードと呼ばれる。いずれのシャワーも入射エネルギーにほぼ比例した粒子数の極大に達した後は,電離損失などによって減衰し物質に吸収される。… ※「electro-magnetic cascade shower」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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