Goniometers include a wide range of instruments, including those that measure spectral angles and diffraction angles, electrical meters that measure the phase angle between two alternating currents of equal frequency, and instruments that measure the direction in which radio waves arrive (radio goniometers). A mechanical goniometer generally consists of a rotating stage with a circular scale and is used in combination with an optical instrument and detector to detect the surface or line of an object. An electrical goniometer uses a machine or circuit that creates an alternating current with an arbitrary phase relationship to a reference alternating current wave (sinusoidal voltage or current) to measure the electrical phase angle of the target alternating current wave, and is used in radio direction finders, etc. Machines that can arbitrarily change the phase include induction goniometers, which consist of two sets of fixed coils excited by a reference alternating current and a third coil that rotates in the magnetic field, and electrostatic goniometers, which use two sets of variable capacitors with fixed and rotating plates. There are also machines that can create arbitrary phase angles using electronic circuits. [Mitsui Kiyoto] ©Shogakukan "> Mechanical Goniometer (Optical Goniometer) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
分光角や回折角を測定する器械、周波数が等しい二つの交流の間の位相角を測定する電気計器、電波が到来する方向を測定する計器(電波用ゴニオメーター)など幅広い内容を含む角度計。 機械的なゴニオメーターは、円周目盛り付きの回転台という一般的構造をもち、対象物の面または線を検出するための光学器械や検出器などと組み合わせて用いられる。 電気的なゴニオメーターは、基準の交流波(正弦波電圧または電流)に対して任意の位相関係にある交流をつくりだす機械または回路を用いて、対象とする交流波の電気的位相角を測定するもので、電波方向探知器などに用いられる。位相を任意に変化させる機械としては、基準の交流で励起される2組の固定コイルとその磁場中で回転する第三のコイルとからなる誘導型ゴニオメーター、固定板と回転板とからなる可変コンデンサー2組を用いる静電型ゴニオメーターなどがある。また、任意の位相角を電子回路によってつくるものもある。 [三井清人] ©Shogakukan"> 機械的ゴニオメーター(光学角度計) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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