Hayashiya - Rinke

Also known as "Hayashike," this family is a lineage of Confucian scholars, descended from Hayashi Razan. For generations, as Confucian scholars in the Edo Shogunate, they were involved in education and teaching, and were dedicated to the study of Neo-Confucianism. Razan served four Shoguns, beginning with Tokugawa Ieyasu, and was involved in interpreting Japanese and Chinese classics, researching historical events, and compiling history. He established an academy in Shinobu-ga-oka, Ueno, where he lectured on Neo-Confucianism, and was also involved in Shogunate politics. The second generation, Gaho, specialized in the study of classics and history, and inherited and developed Razan's work. During the time of the third generation, Houkou, the family school was moved to Yushima and became the Shoheizaka Academic Institute, and Houkou was appointed Daigaku no Kami (chief of the university), and the head of the Hayashi family subsequently took over the position. Academically, after Ooka, Neo-Confucianism was gradually overshadowed by Sorai's school and others. At the end of the 18th century, during the time of Kinpo, the shogunate issued the "Kansei Ban on Heterogenous Learnings" in an attempt to break the slump in Neo-Confucianism. The Razan lineage ended with Kinpo, and Shusai, the son of Matsudaira Norimori, lord of Iwamura Domain in Mino, inherited the Hayashi family line with the shogunate's assistance. During Shusai's time, the Shoheizaka Academy became an official institution, and he achieved results in promoting Neo-Confucianism and reforming the educational system. Subsequent generations have had few notable achievements.

[Hiroyuki Tamakake]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「はやしけ」ともいう。林羅山(はやしらざん)を祖とする儒者の家系。代々江戸幕府の儒官として朱子(しゅし)学を奉じ、文教に携った。羅山は徳川家康以降4代の将軍に仕えて、和漢の古典の解読、故事の調査、歴史の編纂(へんさん)などに携り、上野忍ヶ岡(しのぶがおか)に学問所を建立して朱子学を講じ、幕政にも関与した。2代鵞峰(がほう)は経学・史学をよくして羅山の業を継承・発展させた。3代鳳岡(ほうこう)のとき、家塾は湯島へ移されて昌平坂(しょうへいざか)学問所となり、鳳岡は大学頭(だいがくのかみ)に任ぜられ、以後林家の当主が大学頭を継いだ。学問的には、鳳岡以後は徂徠(そらい)学ほかに押されぎみであった。18世紀末錦峰(きんぽう)のとき、幕府は朱子学不振の状況を打破すべく「寛政(かんせい)異学の禁」を令した。羅山の血統は錦峰で絶え、美濃(みの)岩村藩主松平乗蘊(のりもり)の子述斎(じゅっさい)が幕府の計らいで林家を継いだ。述斎のとき、昌平坂学問所は官学となり、朱子学の振興、学制の改革などの面で成果をあげた。その後の各代は、みるべき業績に乏しい。

［玉懸博之］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例