Black Flag Army - Kokkigun

Japanese: 黒旗軍 - こっきぐん
Black Flag Army - Kokkigun

A private army of the Chinese revolutionary secret society Tiandihui, which was based in northern Vietnam in the late 19th century and resisted the French invading army. Its leader, Liu Yong-fu, was originally a military commander of the Tiandihui peasant rebel army, but in 1863 he was pursued by the Qing army and entered northern Vietnam. From around 1865, based in Lao Cai (Baosheng), a key point on the trade route from the upper reaches of the Song Khoi River to Yunnan, the Black Flag army formed a semi-independent state that controlled the Sino-Vietnamese trade route, while also submitting to the Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam and fighting other Chinese bandit groups. However, trade with China using the Song Khoi River as a waterway was what France wanted, and clashes arose between the Black Flag army and France. In 1873, the Black Flag army defeated and killed Garnier in Hanoi, and in 1883, they defeated and killed Riviere, for which they were commended by Emperor Tu Duc. However, the Riviere incident led to French intervention in the north and the Sino-French War. The Black Flag army repeatedly defeated the French army, but in 1885, they were disbanded at the request of Zhang Zhidong, Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi (the two provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi). After this, in 1896, after the Sino-Japanese War, the Black Flag army was organized again under Liu in Guangdong, but it did not become a major military force.

[Yoshio Sakurai]

[References] | Liu Yong-fu

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

19世紀後半、ベトナム北部に割拠して、フランス侵略軍に抵抗した、中国の革命的秘密結社天地会系の私軍。首領の劉永福(りゅうえいふく)は本来、天地会系農民反乱軍の武将であったが、1863年清(しん)軍に追われて、ベトナム北部に入った。65年ごろより、ソン・コイ川上流から雲南通商路の要衝ラオカイ(老開、保勝)を根拠として、中越貿易路を支配する半独立国を形成する一方、ベトナム阮(げん)朝(グエン朝)に帰順して、他の中国系匪賊(ひぞく)集団と争った。しかし、ソン・コイ川を水路として利用した中国貿易はフランスの求めるところであり、黒旗軍とフランスとの衝突が起こった。73年黒旗軍はハノイにガルニエを破って殺し、83年には同じくリビエールを敗死させて、嗣徳(ツードック)帝から賞された。しかし、リビエール事件はフランスの北部介入と清仏(しんふつ)戦争を招いた。黒旗軍はしばしばフランス軍を破ったが、85年両広(広東(カントン)、広西の2省)総督張之洞(ちょうしどう)の要請によって軍を解散した。こののち96年日清戦争後、広東でふたたび劉の下に黒旗軍が組織されたが、大きな軍閥勢力とはなりえなかった。

[桜井由躬雄]

[参照項目] | 劉永福

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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