[What kind of disease is it?] Head size is determined by measuring the circumference of the head (head circumference) from the front to the back of the head with a tape measure, and taking the maximum value. A normal child's head circumference increases in line with brain development. Macrocephaly is diagnosed when the measured head circumference exceeds the upper limit of the standard head circumference growth curve. Therefore, macrocephaly is not a specific disease, but refers to a condition in which the head becomes abnormally large due to various diseases. [Cause] Causes include hypertrophy and abnormal proliferation of nerve cells due to metabolic diseases, various neurocutaneous syndromes, chondrodysplasia, brain swelling due to drug intoxication, thickening of the skull, acute and chronic hydrocephalus, and subdural fluid accumulation. [Treatment] Symptoms vary from person to person and can include psychomotor developmental disorders and epilepsy. In cases of hydrocephalus or subdural fluid collection, neurosurgical treatment is required. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] 頭の大きさは、巻き尺で前頭部と後頭部を通る頭の周囲(頭囲(とうい))を計測し、その最大値で決めます。正常な子どもの頭囲は、脳の発育と一致して増加します。 測定した頭囲の値が、標準の頭囲発育曲線の上限を上回ったときに、巨頭症と診断します。したがって巨頭症は特定の疾患ではなく、さまざまな疾患を背景に、頭が異常に大きくなる病態を指します。 [原因] 代謝性(たいしゃせい)疾患による神経細胞の肥大や異常な増殖(ぞうしょく)、さまざまな神経皮膚症候群(しんけいひふしょうこうぐん)、軟骨異形成症(なんこついけいせいしょう)、薬物中毒による脳の腫脹(しゅちょう)(腫(は)れ)、頭蓋骨(ずがいこつ)の肥厚(ひこう)、急性期・慢性期の水頭症(すいとうしょう)や硬膜下腔液体貯留(こうまくかくうえきたいちょりゅう)などが原因となります。 [治療] 症状は、精神運動発達障害、てんかんなど、人によって異なります。 水頭症や硬膜下腔液体貯留の場合は、脳神経外科的な治療を必要とします。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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