Human actions are performed in the hope of receiving some kind of reciprocation, whether the object of the action is an individual, a group, or a supernatural entity. In particular, many institutions in traditional societies are established by people or groups giving and receiving tangible and intangible things to each other with a certain expectation or sense of obligation. In this sense, many human actions can be said to be reciprocal actions, or a kind of exchange. The ideas that motivate such actions, or the social relationships that are based on these ideas, are called reciprocity. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
人間の行為は,その対象が個人,集団,あるいは超自然的存在,そのいずれであっても,なんらかの応報を求めて行われる。ことに伝統的社会における制度には,人あるいは集団が相互に有形・無形のものを,特定の期待感や義務感をもって,与え,返礼しあうことによって成立しているものが多い。このような意味で,人間の行為の多くは相互的行為,あるいは一種の交換ということができよう。このような行為を動機づける観念,あるいはこの種の観念によって基礎づけられた社会関係を互酬と呼ぶ。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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