Emperor Gokomatsu

Japanese: 後小松天皇 - ごこまつてんのう

Year of death: Eikyo 5.10.20 (1433.12.1)
Year of birth: Eiwa 3/Tenshu 3.6.27 (1377.8.1)
Emperor of the Northern and Southern Courts and Muromachi Period (reigned 1382-1412). He was the legitimate son of Emperor Go-En'yu. His mother was Sanjo Kintada's daughter Genshi (Tsuyomon'in). His given name was Mikihito. In April 1382, when his father abdicated, he competed with Prince Suko Yoshihito for the throne, but with the strong recommendation of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, he ascended to the throne without being proclaimed prince. He came of age in January 1387. In leap October of the 9th year of the Genchu era (Meitoku 3), he inherited the sacred treasures from Emperor Gokameyama of the Southern Court. The following year, upon the death of his father the retired emperor, he began to rule directly, but all of his father's formal imperial powers, such as the right of investiture, were exercised by Empress Junsan Yoshimitsu as the de facto retired emperor, and Gokomatsu was a complete puppet. This marked the end of the imperial family's sovereignty. However, Yoshimitsu, who had been secretly plotting to usurp the throne by making his second son Yoshitsugu an Imperial Prince, suddenly died during an unsuccessful attempt in 1408, and the Imperial family was able to weather an unprecedented crisis. Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi then overturned all of Yoshimitsu's policies, allowing the Emperor to regain his authority, and in August of the same year, he abdicated in favor of Shoko, restoring cloistered rule. In 1428, when Shoko died of illness, Yoshihito adopted Eihito's grandson and had him ascend the throne as Emperor Gohanazono. In March 1431, he became a monk. Ikkyu Sojun was the eldest son. <References> Imaya Akira, "Royalty in the Muromachi Period"

(Akira Imaya)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：永享5.10.20(1433.12.1)
生年：永和3/天授3.6.27(1377.8.1)
南北朝・室町時代の天皇(在位1382～1412)。後円融天皇の嫡子。母は三条公忠の娘厳子(通陽門院)。諱は幹仁。永徳2/弘和2(1382)年4月,父帝が譲位したとき崇光皇子栄仁と皇位を争い,将軍足利義満の強力な推挙により親王宣下のないまま践祚。嘉慶1/元中4(1387)年1月元服。明徳3/元中9年閏10月,南朝の後亀山天皇から神器を継承。翌年父上皇の死により親政を開始したが,父の帯びていた叙任権など天皇としての形式的権限はすべて准三后義満が事実上の上皇としてこれを行使,後小松は全くの傀儡であった。天皇家の王権はここに終局を迎える。ところが,次男義嗣を親王に擬しひそかに皇位簒奪をうかがっていた義満が応永15(1408)年未遂のうちに急死し,皇家は空前の危機を切り抜けた。そして将軍足利義持は義満の政策をことごとく覆したため天皇は権威を回復し,同19年8月称光に譲位,院政を復活する。正長1(1428)年称光の病死により栄仁の孫を猶子に迎え,後花園天皇として践祚させた。永享3(1431)年3月出家。一休宗純は長男である。<参考文献>今谷明『室町の王権』

(今谷明)

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