A school for the study and teaching of Islamic doctrine. In Turkish, it is called a madrasah. It is said to have been founded in the 10th century during the Ghazniid Empire's struggle with the Shiites. Nizam-ul-Mulk of the Seljuk Empire institutionalized madrasahs, and until the end of the 19th century, most cities in Western Asia had at least one, but they declined with the spread of modern higher education. In India and Southeast Asia, madrasah can also mean a primary-level Koranic school. Architecturally, it is common to have four iwans (lecture rooms) surrounding a courtyard, as in the Madrasah Madar-i-Shah (1706-14) in Isfahan, and two-story arcade-like student living quarters. However, smaller ones may have a two-iwan style. In Turkey, a style of covering the courtyard with a dome developed, as in the Madrasah Ince Minare (1260-65) in Konia. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム教の教義を研究,教授する学院。トルコ語ではメドレセという。10世紀頃ガズニー朝において,シーア派との抗争のなかで創始されたという。セルジューク朝のニザームル・ムルクはマドラサを制度化し,19世紀末までは,西アジアのほとんどの都市には一つ以上のマドラサがあったが,近代高等教育の普及とともに衰退した。なおインド,東南アジアでは,マドラサは初等レベルのコーラン学校を意味することもある。建築的には,イスファハンのマドラサ・マーダル・イ・シャー(1706~14)のように,中庭を囲んで講義室としての四つのイーワーンと,2層アーケード状の学生の住房とを配するのが一般的。しかしより小規模なものでは,2イーワーン形式とすることもある。またトルコでは,コニアのインジェ・ミナーレ・マドラサ(1260~65)のように,中庭部分をドームで覆う形式が発達した。
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