In Islamic history, it refers to a central figure, or notable, of a certain dynasty, region, city, or group. In particular, in the Ottoman Empire from the mid-18th century onwards, it refers to local notables who became wealthy through the management of cihtrikis (large farms) and tax collection contracts (irtizam) and took control of administrative affairs at the district (kaza) level. The word originates from an Arabic plural form meaning "eye." Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム史上,ある王朝,地域,都市,集団などの中心的人物,すなわち名士をいう。特に 18世紀中葉以後のオスマン帝国において,チフトリキ (大農場) の経営や徴税請負 (イルティザーム) などを通じて富裕化し,郡 (カザー) レベルの行政を掌握した地方名士をいう。語源は「目」を意味するアラビア語複数形の一つ。
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