Kokumin Shimbun - Kokumin Shimbun
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A daily newspaper founded by Tokutomi Soho on February 1, 1890. Amid the lively debate over treaty revision at the time, the newspaper advocated a Westernization policy from the standpoint of enlightened nationalism and populism (bourgeois democracy), unlike the ultranationalism of Nippon, which opposed Westernization policies, and was welcomed by intellectuals. However, Soho approached and then distanced himself from Okuma Shigenobu and Matsukata Masayoshi, and finally became close to Yamagata Aritomo and Katsura Taro's Choshu faction, becoming a government newspaper, and it became a mouthpiece for the Yamagata and Katsura factions. As a result, the Kokumin Shimbunsha was attacked and burned by mobs in September 1905 over the issue of the Russo-Japanese Peace Treaty, and in February 1913 during the constitutional defense movement. After Katsura's death, the newspaper regained reader support thanks in part to the serialization of Soho's "Modern Japanese National History" which began on July 1, 1941, but suffered a fatal blow in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, and relied on the financial support of Takemi Ishikawa of Shufunotomosha and Kaichiro Nezu of the Koshu zaibatsu. However, in January 1954, Soho left the "Kokumin Shimbun" in protest against the interference of Nezu capital. It was then handed over to the "Shin Aichi" newspaper, which merged with the "Miyako Shimbun" in September 1967. It is now the "Tokyo Shimbun." Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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徳富蘇峰が 1890年2月1日に創刊した日刊紙。おりからの条約改正論議の盛んななかで，『日本』の欧化政策反対の国粋主義とは違って，開明的なナショナリズムと平民主義 (ブルジョア民主主義) の立場からの欧化政策を主張，知識人層に歓迎されたが，蘇峰が大隈重信，松方正義に次々と接近しては離れ，最後に山県有朋，桂太郎の長州閥に密着して御用新聞化するに及んで，山県，桂系の代弁新聞になった。そのため国民新聞社は 1905年9月日露講和問題で，13年2月には憲法擁護運動のなかで群衆に襲撃焼打ちされた。桂の死後は，16年7月1日から蘇峰の『近世日本国民史』が連載されたこともあって読者の支持を回復したが，23年の関東大震災で致命的打撃を受け，主婦之友社の石川武美や甲州財閥の根津嘉一郎らの資力に頼った。しかし 29年1月，蘇峰は根津資本の干渉に抗議して『国民新聞』を去った。その後はいったん『新愛知』に譲られ，42年9月『都新聞』と合併。現在の『東京新聞』に引継がれている。
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