Kokuhonsha - Kokuhonsha

This right-wing group was founded in May 1924 (Taisho 13) by Hiranuma Kiichiro, who was the head of the judicial bureaucracy at the time. Hiranuma was active in the nationalist movement from his active years, and in 1920, while he was the Prosecutor General, he became an advisor to the right-wing group Kokukoku Doshikai at Tokyo Imperial University, and in 1923, he became the head of the Shuyodan. In December 1923, the Tora no Mon Incident, in which anarchist Namba Daisuke shot and killed Prince Regent Hirohito (Emperor Showa), led to the resignation of the Yamamoto Gonbei cabinet, and Hiranuma, who was the Minister of Justice at the time, took the opportunity of stepping down to found Kokuhonsha. Many top figures in the military, politics, finance, government, and academia, such as Suzuki Kisaburo, Shiono Suehiko, Koyama Matsukichi, Togo Heihachiro, Ugaki Kazushige, Araki Sadao, Masaki Jinzaburo, Saito Makoto, Ikeda Seihin, Yuki Toyotaro, Goto Fumio, Yamakawa Kenjiro, and Kozai Yoshinao, became members of the organization, which at one time claimed 170 branches and 200,000 members. For this reason, Hiranuma was sometimes regarded abroad as the headquarters of Japanese fascism. However, Kokuhonsha's achievements as a right-wing organization were limited to publishing the Kokuhon Shimbun newspaper and the magazine Kokuhon and holding lectures, and it was dissolved in 1936 (Showa 11) shortly after Hiranuma became President of the Privy Council.

[Tatsuzo Ohno]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1924年（大正13）5月、当時司法官僚閥のトップに位置していた平沼騏一郎(きいちろう)が創立した右翼団体。平沼は現役時代から国粋主義運動に走り、1920年検事総長のとき東京帝国大学内の右翼団体興国同志会の顧問となり、23年には「修養団」の団長に就任した。23年12月、無政府主義者難波大助(なんばだいすけ)が摂政(せっしょう)宮裕仁(ひろひと)（昭和天皇）を銃で狙撃(そげき)した虎(とら)の門事件により、山本権兵衛(ごんべえ)内閣は総辞職、法相であった平沼は、下野した機会に国本社をつくった。鈴木喜三郎(きさぶろう)、塩野季彦(すえひこ)、小山松吉(こやままつきち)、東郷平八郎(とうごうへいはちろう)、宇垣一成(うがきかずしげ)、荒木貞夫(さだお)、真崎甚三郎(まざきじんざぶろう)、斎藤実(まこと)、池田成彬(せいひん)、結城豊太郎(ゆうきとよたろう)、後藤文夫(ふみお)、山川健次郎(けんじろう)、古在由直(こざいよしなお)など、軍部、政・財・官・学界のトップクラス多数が会員となり、一時は170支部、20万人と称した。このため外国では平沼を日本ファシズムの総本山とみなしたこともある。しかし国本社の右翼団体としての実績は、『国本新聞』、雑誌『国本』を出し講演会を行った程度にすぎず、36年（昭和11）平沼の枢密院議長就任直後に解散した。

［大野達三］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例