In a broad sense, it refers to any commodity that is traded internationally in large quantities, while in a narrow sense, it refers to a commodity whose quality is standardized and the same brand of commodity has uniform quality regardless of the country of origin. Therefore, international commodities are traded in unified and organized international markets and have international supply and demand relationships. The market reacts to information about the current and future supply and demand relationships, which forms international prices, which are reported around the world as international commodity prices. Many of the goods with this characteristic are primary products, and gold is a typical example. In contrast, in the case of highly processed industrial products, differences arise in quality and detailed design, making it difficult to standardize them, and it is not possible to find a unified and organized international market like that for international goods. Therefore, most industrial products are said to be quasi-international goods. Because these international goods are traded in a free competitive market, changes in supply and demand are reflected in their prices sensitively. Moreover, most international goods are primary products, and the price elasticity of their demand and supply is generally low, so the market mechanism does not function adequately. As a result, international commodity prices fluctuate dramatically, affecting countries around the world directly and indirectly. In response to this, one measure to adjust supply and demand internationally and stabilize prices is the international commodity agreement. [Shigeo Irie] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広義には、国際的に大量の取引が行われる商品をさすが、狭義には、品質が規格化・標準化されていて、同一銘柄の商品は原産国がどこであろうと均一の品質をもつ商品をいう。したがって、国際商品は、統一化・組織化された国際市場で取引され、国際的な需給関係をもつものである。そして、現在から将来にかけての需給関係に関する情報に対して市場が反応し、それによって国際相場が形成され、それが国際商品相場として全世界に報道される。 このような性格をもつ商品には一次産品が多く、金がその典型的な例である。これに対して、加工度の高い工業製品の場合には、品質や細部の設計に相違が生じるから、規格化・標準化がむずかしく、国際商品のような統一化・組織化された国際市場はみいだせない。したがって、工業製品の大半は準国際商品といわれる。こういった国際商品は自由競争市場で取引されているために、需給関係の変化が価格に鋭敏に反映される。しかも国際商品の多くは一次産品であり、その需要・供給の価格弾力性は概して低く、そのために市場メカニズムが十分に機能しない。こうして、国際商品相場は激しく変動し、世界各国に直接間接の影響を及ぼすことになる。これに対処して、国際的に需給の調整を図り、価格を安定化させようとする一施策が国際商品協定である。 [入江成雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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