A style of art that arose around 1360/70 to 1420, mainly in the courts of the major European kings and nobles. Although the style differs somewhat from region to region, all of them are a delicate and gorgeous mix of conceptual and fantastical elements and meticulous observations of nature, and are full of the delicate and gorgeous taste of the court. On one hand, it foreshadows Renaissance art, but in essence it is the fruition of the ripe "Autumn of the Middle Ages." It began when new plastic principles that were developed in Florence and Siena in Italy in the first half of the 14th century were absorbed throughout Europe. The largest center was Paris, where the court of the French kings was located, and it was here that the pure Gothic tradition, which had been further refined since the 13th century, met Italian art. For example, see J. Pucelle's "Book of Hours of Jeanne Devereux." Furthermore, at the courts of the great French nobles who ruled over Burgundy, Berry, Anjou, etc., the sculptor C. Sluter of the Duke of Burgundy and the Limbourg brothers, miniature painters of the Duke of Berry, were particularly active. Both of these artists were from Flanders, and for this reason they are collectively known as the Franco-Flemish School. The next most important was the court of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV in Prague. Educated in Paris and with deep ties to Italy, as German Emperor, he invited German architectural sculptor Parler and Italian painter Tommaso da Modena, among others, and allowed culture to flourish. This style spread to Italy from around 1400, and on the eve of the Renaissance, it produced outstanding artists such as Gentile da Fabriano and L. Ghiberti. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1360/70年頃~1420年頃に,ヨーロッパのおもな王侯貴族の宮廷を中心に興った美術の様式。地方によって多少趣を異にするとはいえ,いずれも観念的幻想的要素と,こまやかな自然の観察が微妙に混り合い,宮廷的繊細華麗な趣にあふれている。一面ではルネサンス美術を予告しつつも,本質的には爛熟した「中世の秋」の結実である。 14世紀前半にイタリアのフィレンツェ,シエナで形成された新しい造形原理がヨーロッパ各地で摂取されたことが,その出発点である。最大の中心地はフランス国王の宮廷のあるパリで,ここで 13世紀以来一層繊細の度を加えてきた純正なゴシック伝統とイタリア芸術の出会いが起った。たとえば J.ピュセル作の『ジャンヌ・デブルーの時祷書』など。さらにブルゴーニュ,ベリー,アンジューなどを領したフランス大貴族の宮廷で,特にブルゴーニュ公の彫刻家 C.スリューテル,ベリー公の細密画家ランブール兄弟が活躍した。これら芸術家はいずれもフランドル出身で,このため彼らを総称してフランコ・フランドル派という。次に重要なのは神聖ローマ皇帝カルル4世のプラハの宮廷である。パリで教育を受け,イタリアとも深いかかわりをもち,ドイツ皇帝であった彼は,ドイツの建築彫刻家パルラーやイタリアの画家トマーゾ・ダ・モデーナなどを招き,文化の華を開かせた。この様式は 1400年頃からイタリアにも及び,ルネサンス前夜に,ジェンティーレ・ダ・ファブリアーノや L.ギベルティのような傑出した芸術家を生んだ。
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