Acute anterior poliomyelitis (poliomyelitis)

Japanese: 急性灰白髄炎（ポリオ） - きゅうせいかいはくずいえん（ポリオ）（英語表記）Acute anterior poliomyelitis
Acute anterior poliomyelitis (poliomyelitis)

What is the disease?

Spinal cord ( Spinal cord ) Motor neurons ( Front corner ( Whole ) It is a disease in which the poliovirus (polio-like cells) are destroyed, leaving the patient with asymmetric paralysis. Currently, except in some parts of the world, poliovirus has been successfully controlled by the polio vaccine, and there have been rare reports of polio-like paralysis as a side effect of the vaccine.

What is the cause?

Polio is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. It is transmitted orally and has an incubation period of 3 to 21 days (most often 1 to 2 weeks).

How symptoms manifest

More than 90% of infected people are asymptomatic, while a few percent develop fevers and Cold ( Healthy life ) Symptoms include diarrhea and aseptic meningitis. Approximately one in five people who develop symptoms, especially older children and adults, develop paralysis before or after the fever subsides. Paralysis is most common in the lower limbs on one side, and the muscles atrophy ( Ishku ) I will do it.

Diagnostic and treatment methods

Diagnosis is by viral and antibody tests.

There is no effective treatment, so prevention by vaccination is necessary. As the current live vaccine can cause paralysis as mentioned above, inactivated vaccines are being considered.

Hiroshi Wakiguchi

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か

　脊髄(せきずい)の運動神経細胞（前角(ぜんかく)細胞）が破壊されて左右非対称性の麻痺を残す病気です。現在では世界中の一部の地域を除いてポリオワクチンによる抑制に成功し、まれにワクチンの副作用としてのポリオ様麻痺の報告があるだけです。

原因は何か

　ポリオウイルスによる感染症です。経口感染し、潜伏期間は3～21日（多くは1～2週間）です。

症状の現れ方

　感染者の90％以上が無症状に経過し、数％に発熱、感冒様(かんぼうよう)症状、下痢、無菌性髄膜炎(ずいまくえん)が発症します。症状が現れた人の5人に1人程度、とくに年長児や成人で解熱の前後に麻痺が現れます。麻痺は片側の下肢に多く、筋肉も萎縮(いしゅく)してきます。

診断と治療の方法

　ウイルス検査と抗体検査で診断します。

　有効な治療薬はなく、ワクチンによる予防が必要です。現行の生ワクチンは前記のように麻痺を起こすことがあるので、不活化ワクチンが検討されています。

脇口　宏

出典　法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について　情報

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