Laval, Pierre

Japanese: ラバル（英語表記）Laval， Pierre

Born June 28, 1883 in Puy de Dome, Chateldon
Died October 15, 1945. Paris. French politician. Joined the Socialist Party in 1903, and in 1909 became a lawyer, defending labor unions and leftist camps. Elected to the National Assembly as a Socialist Party member in 1914, but lost in 1919. Left the Socialist Party in 1920. Reelected in 1924, Minister of Public Works in 1925, and Senator in 1927, he became a right-winger. Served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Labor, and was Prime Minister and Foreign Minister from 1931 to 1932. Became Minister of Colonies in 1934 and Foreign Minister from 1934 to 1935, and as Prime Minister and Foreign Minister from 1935 to 1936, he worked to improve relations with Italy. He had been out of office since January 1936, but was Deputy Prime Minister in the Pétain government from the surrender of France (June 22, 1940) until December 1940, and was "President of the Government" (Prime Minister) of the Vichy government from 1942 to 1944, and was criticized both at home and abroad for pursuing a policy of collaboration with Germany. In 1845 he fled to Switzerland, and later to Austria, but returned to Paris at the end of July that year to stand trial, where he was found guilty of treason and executed by firing squad.

Laval
Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de

Born: May 9, 1845 in Brasenborg
[Died] February 2, 1913. Stockholm. Swedish engineer and inventor. Graduated from Uppsala University. Became an engineer at a steel company (1872). In 1878 he invented the cream separator, and in 1882 he invented the impulse turbine, as well as inventing and improving the divergent nozzle, flexible shaft, and double-helical gear, laying the foundation for the development of high-speed turbines. In 1893 he produced a reversible turbine for ships, and in 1896 he designed and produced a high-pressure power unit with an initial steam pressure of approximately 1,540 kgw/ ^cm2 . The Laval reaction turbine, which he patented in 1883, had a speed of 42,000 revolutions per minute, and the propeller tip speed reached 200 meters per second.

Laval
Laval

A city in southern Quebec, Canada. It occupies the entire area of Jesus Island (area 246 ^km2 ) which is surrounded by a branch of the Ottawa River on the north side of Montreal Island. The island was first settled in 1681, and was handed over to the Society of Jesus in 1699. After World War II, the population increased as a suburb of Montreal, and industrialization also progressed. In 1965, six cities and eight towns on the island merged to form a new city. The industrial park built in the 1960s is home to factories producing television, radio, lithographic printing, paper, aluminum, steel, pharmaceuticals, dairy products, and more. Population: 401,553 (2011).

Laval
Laval, François de Montmorency

Born: April 30, 1623, Montigny-sur-Havre
Died May 6, 1708. The first Catholic bishop in Quebec, Canada. Born into a prominent French family, he served as parish priest of the Diocese of Evreux before being appointed bishop and papal vicar of New France in Canada in 1658 and moving to Quebec the following year in 1659. He founded the Quebec Seminary in 1663, which was renamed Université Laval in 1852. In 1874, the Diocese of Quebec was established, which had jurisdiction over all French territories in North America, and he was appointed its first bishop. He resigned in 1888 due to illness.

Laval
Laval

Mayenne is the capital of the department in northwestern France. It straddles the Mayenne River, about 70 km east of Rennes. The new town is on the left bank, and the old town is on a hill on the right bank. Many historical sites remain, including the former residence of Count Laval (built in the 10th century, now a museum), the cathedral with a Romanesque nave (12th century), and the New Castle in the Renaissance style (16th century). It is a commercial center. Since the cotton cloth industry was introduced by the feudal lord during the Renaissance, the textile industry has been thriving, and there are also industries in shoemaking, leather, machinery, and cement. It is the birthplace of the painter A. Rousseau. Population: 53,479 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1883.6.28. ピュイドゥドーム，シャテルドン
[没]1945.10.15. パリ
フランスの政治家。 1903年社会党に入党，09年弁護士として労働組合や左翼陣営を弁護した。 14年社会党から下院議員に当選したが，19年落選。 20年社会党を離党。 24年再選され，25年公共事業相，27年上院議員となってから右傾した。法相，労相などを歴任，31～32年首相兼外相。 34年植民地相，34～35年外相に就任，35～36年首相兼外相としてイタリアとの関係改善に努めた。 36年1月以来下野していたが，フランスの降伏 (1940.6.22.) から 40年 12月まで P.ペタン政権の副首相，42～44年ビシー政府「政府主席」 (首相) となり，対独協力政策を遂行したため内外の非難を浴びた。 45年スイス，のちにオーストリアに亡命，同年7月末パリでの裁判のため帰国，反逆罪の判決を受け銃殺。

ラバル
Laval， Carl Gustaf Patrik de

[生]1845.5.9. ブラーセンボルグ
[没]1913.2.2. ストックホルム
スウェーデンの技術者，発明家。ウプサラ大学卒業。製鋼会社の技師となる (1872) 。 1878年のクリーム分離器，82年の衝動タービンの発明をはじめ，末広ノズル，たわみ軸，やまば歯車の発明や改良によって高速タービン発展の基礎を築いた。 93年船舶用の可逆タービンを製作，96年には蒸気の初圧が約 1540kgw/cm²の高圧動力装置を設計，製作した。 83年に特許を受けたラバル反動タービンは毎分4万 2000回転のスピードを出し，プロペラの先端速度は毎秒 200mに達した。

ラバル
Laval

カナダ，ケベック州南部の都市。モントリオール島の北側に，オタワ川の分流で囲まれたイエズス島 (面積 246km²) の全域を占める。この島は，1681年に入植が始り，99年イエズス会に譲渡された。第2次世界大戦後，モントリオールの郊外地として人口が増加し，工業化も進んだ。 1965年に，島内の6市8町が合併して新市を形成した。 60年代に造成された工業団地には，テレビ，ラジオ，石版印刷，製紙，アルミニウム，鉄鋼，医薬品，酪農製品などの工場が立地する。人口 40万1553（2011）。

ラバル
Laval， François de Montmorency

[生]1623.4.30. モンティニシュルアーブル
[没]1708.5.6. ケベック
カナダにおける最初のカトリック司教。フランスの名家に生れ，エブルー教区首席主任司祭を経て，1658年カナダのニューフランス (ヌーベルフランス) の司教兼教皇代理に任じられ，翌 59年ケベックに移る。 63年に設立したケベック神学校は 1852年にラバル大学と改称された。 74年北米の全フランス領を管割下におくケベック司教区が創設され，その初代司教に任じられた。 88年病気のため辞任した。

ラバル
Laval

フランス北西部，マイエンヌ県の県都。レンヌの東約 70km，マイエンヌ川にまたがる都市。左岸に新市，右岸の丘の上に旧市があり，旧ラバル伯の居城 (10世紀創建。現博物館) ，ロマネスク様式の身廊をもつ大聖堂 (12世紀) ，ルネサンス様式の新城 (16世紀) など多くの史跡が残る。商業中心地。ルネサンス時代に領主により綿布工業が導入されて以来繊維工業が盛んで，製靴，皮革，機械，セメントなどの工業もある。画家 A.ルソーの生地。人口5万 3479 (1990) 。

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