They belonged to the ancient West Semites, and were also called the Amurru. In Akkadian they were called Amurru, and in Sumerian they were called Martu. Amurru means west. The Amorites were nomadic around the Mediterranean coast of Canaan, but settled in the middle reaches of the Euphrates River in Syria around 3000 BC, and entered Mesopotamia around 2200 BC. They were strongly influenced by the Sumerian civilization, and when King Sum-Abum appeared, he destroyed the Third Dynasty of Ur, which ruled the Akkadian region at that time (2004 BC), and founded the Amorites in Babylon. This was the First Babylonian Dynasty, which reached its peak during the reign of the sixth king, Hammurabi (reigned 1792-1750 BC), and became a great empire that ruled the whole of Babylonia. The First Babylonian Dynasty was destroyed in the 16th century BC, but this tribe was active in Mari and Aleppo in the west. The language disappeared from Babylonia by the 12th century BC, but its influence remained strong in Syria and Palestine, but it never founded a distinct kingdom. [Masaaki Itoga] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代の西セム人に属し、アムル人ともいう。アッカド語ではアムッルAmurru、シュメール語ではマルトゥMartu。アムッルは西方を意味する。アモリ人は地中海沿岸カナン周辺の遊牧生活から、紀元前3000年ごろシリアのユーフラテス川中流に定着し、前2200年ごろからメソポタミアに入った。シュメール文明の影響を強く受け、スム・アブム王が出現するに至って、当時アッカド地方を支配していたウル第3王朝を滅ぼし(前2004)、バビロンでアモリ王朝を創設した。これがバビロン第1王朝で、6代目のハムラビ王(在位前1792~前1750)の時代に最盛期に達し、バビロニア全土を支配する大帝国となった。バビロン第1王朝は前16世紀に滅亡するが、この種族は西方のマリやアレッポなどを拠点として活躍している。言語は前12世紀までにバビロニアから消滅するが、その勢力はシリアやパレスチナでは依然として有力であった。しかし特別な王国を築くことはなかった。 [糸賀昌昭] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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