When faced with a problem that is not immediately clear and cannot be solved by habitual means, it refers to searching for various means, discovering the correct means, and arriving at a solution. In this sense, it is synonymous with thinking, but since thinking can also include associative thinking that occurs in dreams, fantasies, or daydreams, problem solving is a subordinate concept to thinking. Also, from the standpoint of dividing thinking into regenerative thinking and productive or creative thinking, past experience and existing knowledge play a major role in problem solving, but since the problem is not solved by simply recalling them, problem solving can be seen as being closer to productive or creative thinking. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
解決にいたる手段がすぐにはわからず,また習慣的な手段では解決できない問題に直面したとき,あれこれ手段を探索し,正しい手段を発見し,解決にいたることをいう。この意味では思考と同義であるが,思考には夢や幻想ないし白昼夢で生じる連想的思考も含められることもあるので,問題解決は思考の下位概念となる。また思考を再生的思考と生産的ないし創造的思考に二分する立場からみると,問題解決でも過去経験や既有知識が大きな役割を果たすが,それらの単なる再生によって解決されるわけではないので,問題解決は生産的ないし創造的思考に近いとみることができる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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