Yoshikiyo Koganei

Japanese: 小金井良精 - こがねいよしきよ
Yoshikiyo Koganei

Anatomist and anthropologist. Born to Koganei Yoshimichi and Yuki in the Nagaoka domain of Echigo (Niigata prefecture). After graduating from Daigaku Nankou (University of Tokyo), he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo in 1880 (Meiji 13), and then studied anatomy and histology in Germany for four and a half years. After returning to Japan, he became the first Japanese professor of anatomy at the University of Tokyo, and in 1893 he founded the Japanese Society of Anatomy, contributing greatly to the development of anatomy.

In the field of anthropology, he mainly conducted osteological research on Jomon people and the Ainu. He advocated the so-called Ainu indigenous theory, which states that the Jomon people are the indigenous people of Japan and the Ainu are their descendants, but he arrived at the racial island theory, which states that the Jomon people and the Ainu are different from any other races. At the time, Tsuboi Shogoro, the founder of the Japanese Anthropological Society, claimed that the Jomon people were the Koropokkuru that appear in Ainu legends, but Koganei proved Tsuboi's theory wrong through empirical research on human bones. Today, the Ainu indigenous people theory is considered to be largely correct, although it needs some revision. His wife was Mori Ogai's younger sister, Koganei Kimiko, a translator, novelist, and poet.

[Kazuo Hanihara, November 19, 2018]

"The Chronicles of My Grandfather, Koganei Ryosei" by Hoshi Shinichi (1974, Kawade Shobo Shinsha/Kawade Bunko, Volumes 1 and 2)

[References] | Ainu | Kimiko Koganei | Shogoro Tsuboi

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

解剖学者、人類学者。越後(えちご)(新潟県)長岡藩の小金井良達(よしみち)と幸(ゆき)との間に生まれる。大学南校を経て1880年(明治13)に東京大学医学部を卒業、それより4年半、ドイツに留学して解剖学、組織学を学んだ。帰国後、日本人としては初代の東京大学解剖学教授となり、1893年に日本解剖学会を創設して、解剖学の発展に尽くした。

 人類学の分野では、主として縄文時代人およびアイヌの骨学的研究を行った。縄文人は日本の先住民であり、アイヌはその子孫であるという、いわゆるアイヌ先住民説を唱えたが、縄文人やアイヌは他のいかなる人種とも異なるとして、人種孤島説に到達した。日本人類学会の創設者坪井正五郎は、当時、縄文人がアイヌの伝説に登場するコロポックルであったと主張していたが、小金井は人骨の実証的研究によって、坪井説の誤りを証明した。現在、アイヌ先住民説は、多少の修正を要するものの、大筋においては正しいと考えられている。妻は森鴎外の妹で翻訳家、小説家、歌人の小金井喜美子。

[埴原和郎 2018年11月19日]

『星新一著『祖父・小金井良精の記』(1974・河出書房新社/河出文庫、上下)』

[参照項目] | アイヌ | 小金井喜美子 | 坪井正五郎

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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