History of Goryeo (English: Koryō-sa)

Japanese: 高麗史 - こうらいし（英語表記）Koryǒsa

A historical record of the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea. It was compiled by Jeong Inji and others at the command of King Sejong of the Joseon Dynasty (Yi Dynasty), and completed in the first year of the reign of King Munjong (1451). Written in the annals and biography style, it includes a lineage, a legend, and the names of 33 historians, and the main text consists of 46 volumes of the family records, 39 volumes of records, 2 volumes of chronology, 50 volumes of biographies, and 2 volumes of catalogues, for a total of 139 volumes. The family records should have been the "annual records," but this was not the case because Korea respected the tributary status of its kings in relation to China, and placed them on the same level as feudal lords. The last kings, Xin Gu and Xin Chang (former and later dethroned kings), were not included in the family records, but rather in the biographies, as they were false surnames. The journal is divided into 12 sections in the Chinese style, including astronomy, calendar, five elements, geography, elections, government officials, food, military, and punishment, and the style of compilation by the historians varies significantly depending on the section. The absence of the "Shakro-ji" is a manifestation of the anti-Buddhist ideology of the Joseon Dynasty, and the absence of a description of Buddhism, which played an important role in the history of Goryeo culture, is considered a major flaw of the book. The reason why the book is considered to be a poor mix of traditional and simplified texts is that the original Annals of the Book were lost due to the invasion of the Khitan army and civil war. In Japan, the Kokusho Kankokai published a Western-bound version of the book in 1908, and in 1977, four volumes were published with a revised index. In South Korea, the Institute of Oriental Studies at Yonsei University published four volumes with an index in 1961. In North Korea, three volumes were published in 1957, and a Hangeul translation of the "History of Goryeo" was published in 1963.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

朝鮮，高麗朝の史書。朝鮮王朝 (李朝) の世宗の命により鄭麟趾らが撰し，文宗1 (1451) 年完成。紀伝体で書かれ，世系，凡例，修史官の氏名 33名を記したのち，本文は世家 46巻，志 39巻，年表2巻，列伝 50巻，目録2巻で総計 139巻から成る。世家は本来「本紀」となるべきところであるが，朝鮮は中国に対して臣属の礼をとり国王を諸侯と同格にしたためである。最後の王，辛ぐう (しんぐう) ，辛昌 (前廃王，後廃王) は偽姓であるとして世家に入れず，列伝に入れている。志は中国流に天文，暦，五行，地理，選挙，百官，食貨，兵，刑など 12志に分れ，各志によって修史官の編纂様式の差が目立っている。「釈老志」を欠いているのは朝鮮王朝の排仏思想の現れで，高麗文化史上重要な役割を果した仏教の記述の欠如は本書の大きな欠点とされている。また高麗史が繁簡よろしきを得ないとの感を受けるのは本書の原本である実録が契丹軍の侵入や内乱によって失われたためとされている。日本では 1908年国書刊行会が本書の洋製本を刊行，77年改補索引付きで4冊本を刊行した。また韓国では延世大学校東方学研究所から 61年索引付きで4冊本を刊行。北朝鮮では 57年3冊本が刊行され，63年ハングル訳の『高麗史』が刊行されている。

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