Determinism - English

Japanese: 決定論 - けっていろん(英語表記)determinism 英語
Determinism - English

Common sense tells us that some future events are determined by human free will, and in this sense the future is uncertain. Determinism is a position that goes against this common sense and asserts that everything that will happen in the world has been predetermined for all eternity. Among these, the one that bases its foundations on religious revelation is called "religious determinism." For example, many Christian thinkers take the so-called doctrine of predestination, which holds that everything is predetermined by God's will. There is also "scientific determinism," which holds that because the laws of nature are in the form of normal ordinary differential equations, everything is determined by initial conditions. This determinism has not been adopted in natural science since the advent of quantum mechanics, but instead "probabilistic determinism," which holds that the probability of an event is determined, is sometimes advocated. However, some are of the opinion that it is not appropriate to include this in the category of determinism.

[Yoshida Natsuhiko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

常識的には、未来の事柄のなかには、人間の自由意志によって、それが生ずるかどうかが左右されるものがあり、この意味で未来には不定な部分がある。この常識に逆らって、世の中でどういうことが起こるかは、未来永劫(えいごう)にわたってすべてあらかじめ決定されている、と主張する立場が、決定論である。そのなかで、根拠を宗教的な啓示に求めるものを「宗教的決定論」という。たとえば、キリスト教の思想家のなかには、神の意志によってすべてのことはあらかじめ決定されているとする、いわゆる予定説をとる者も多い。また、自然法則は、正規形の常微分方程式の形をとっているので、すべては、初期条件によって決定されているとする「科学的決定論」もある。量子論以後の自然科学では、この決定論は採用されないが、事象の確率は決定されているとする「確率論的決定論」がそのかわりに唱えられることもある。しかし、これを決定論の仲間に入れるのは適当ではないとする意見もある。

[吉田夏彦]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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