The second stage of psychosexual development in Freud's psychoanalysis, it is between the oral and phallic stages and refers to the period from about 18 months to 4 years of age. The anal stage is the time when training is given on excretion and cleanliness, and an object relationship is formed that is closely linked to the retention and excretion of excrement. Symbolically, excretion can be thought of as a gift, so excretion is a gift to the mother, and storing it without excreting it is rebellion against the mother's training. According to Abraham, the anal stage is divided into two periods, the early period when pleasure is felt in excreting and destroying the object, and the later period when pleasure is felt in holding and possessing the object. For immature infants, controlling excretory behavior is not easy, and if they fail, they are at risk of losing their mother's love and feel ashamed. When they are able to excrete successfully at their mother's request, they begin to feel that they are a valuable individual who possesses a gift that can please their mother, and they are able to acquire autonomy. If toilet training is too harsh, an anal personality such as stinginess, stubbornness, and punctuality is created in order to resolve the conflict that arises from it. [Masamichi Kawabata] "Freud, "Personality and Anal Love," translated by Katsumi Kakeda and Hirotsugu Yoshimura (Collected in the Collected Works of Freud, Vol. 5, 1969, Jinbun Shoin)" ▽ "Freud, "Change of Drive, Especially on the Change of Drive in Anal Love," translated by Machiko Tanaka (Collected in the Collected Works of Freud, Vol. 5, 1969, Jinbun Shoin)" ▽ "Carl Abraham, "Collected Essays on Abraham: Psychoanalysis of Depression, Obsession, and Castration," translated by Kozo Shimosaka, Mitsuhiro Maeno, and Mitsuko Ohno (1993, Iwasaki Academic Press)" [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フロイトの精神分析の性心理的発達の第2段階で、口唇期と男根期の中間に位置し、およそ1歳半から4歳までの時期のことをいう。肛門期は、排泄(はいせつ)や清潔のしつけが行われる時期であり、排泄物の保持と排泄に密接に結び付いた対象関係がつくられる。排泄物は、象徴的には贈り物と考えることができるので、排泄することは母親に贈り物をすることになり、排泄せずにためておくことは母親のしつけに反抗することになるからである。アブラハムによれば、肛門期は二つの時期に分けられ、前期は対象を排泄し、破壊することに喜びを感じる時期であり、後期は対象を保持し、所有することに喜びを感じる時期である。 未熟な幼児にとって、排泄行為をコントロールすることは簡単なことではなく、失敗して母親の愛情を失う危険にさらされたり羞恥(しゅうち)心がおきたりする。母親の要請に応じてうまく排泄できるようになると、自分は母親を喜ばすことのできる贈り物を所有する価値ある存在であると感じるようになり、自律性を獲得することができる。トイレット・トレーニングがあまりに過酷であると、そこからおきてくる葛藤(かっとう)を解決するために吝嗇(りんしょく)、頑固、きちょうめんといった肛門性格がつくられる。 [川幡政道] 『フロイト著、懸田克躬・吉村博次訳「性格と肛門愛」(『フロイト著作集5』所収・1969・人文書院)』▽『フロイト著、田中麻知子訳「欲動転換、とくに肛門愛の欲動転換について」(『フロイト著作集5』所収・1969・人文書院)』▽『カール・アーブラハム著、下坂幸三・前野光弘・大野美都子訳『アーブラハム論文集――抑うつ・強迫・去勢の精神分析』(1993・岩崎学術出版社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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