From a functional perspective, drugs can enhance or reduce the functions of the body. Of these, drugs that enhance functions of the body are called stimulants. In a broad sense, it is a general term for drugs that enhance the functions of various organs and mental activity of the body. The action can be mediated through the nerves or directly on tissue cells. The main type of stimulant is a central nervous system stimulant, and this is what is generally referred to as a stimulant. Central nervous system stimulants include cardiac stimulants (cardiac intensifiers) such as caffeine, stimulants such as methamphetamine, respiratory stimulants such as nikethamide, camphor, and dimorpholamine, psychoactivators (antidepressants) such as pipradrol, and spinal stimulants such as strychnine. Other stimulants in the broad sense include autonomic stimulants such as adrenaline and choline. Aphrodisiacs that increase sexual excitement, LSD that causes hallucinations, and marijuana are also types of stimulants. Antidepressants such as imipramine have a sedative effect when administered in large doses. Doping is the practice of giving stimulants to athletes or racehorses in advance in an attempt to improve their performance. Doping is prohibited. [Fumiji Koho] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
薬の作用を機能面からみると、生体の機能を亢進(こうしん)する場合と、逆に減弱させる場合とがある。このうち、生体の機能を亢進させる薬物を興奮薬という。広義には生体の諸器官の機能や精神活動を亢進する薬物の総称である。作用が神経を介する場合と、組織細胞に直接作用する場合とがある。興奮薬の主体は中枢神経興奮薬で、興奮薬というと一般的にはこのものをさす。中枢神経興奮薬にはカフェインをはじめとする心臓興奮薬(強心剤)、メタンフェタミンをはじめとする覚醒(かくせい)剤、ニケタミドやカンフル、ジモルフォラミンを代表とする呼吸興奮薬、ピプラドロールなどの精神賦活(ふかつ)剤(抗うつ剤)、ストリキニーネなどの脊髄(せきずい)興奮薬などがある。そのほか広義の興奮薬には、アドレナリンやコリンなどをはじめとする自律神経興奮薬がある。性的興奮を高める催淫(さいいん)剤や、幻覚をおこすLSD、マリファナなども一種の興奮薬である。イミプラミンのような抗うつ剤は大量投与すると逆に鎮静的に働く。また、運動選手や競走馬などに興奮薬をあらかじめ投与して、その成績を向上させようとすることをドーピングという。ドーピングは禁止されている。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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