Kobe [city] - Kobe

Japanese: 神戸[市] - こうべ

A city in the southeastern part of Hyogo Prefecture. It was incorporated as a city in 1889 and is the prefectural capital. It faces Osaka Bay, includes the northern part of the Rokko Mountains to the north, and the Akashi River basin to the west, and is made up of nine wards: Higashinada, Nada, Hyogo, Nagata, Suma, Tarumi, Kita, Chuo, and Nishi (designated city by government ordinance). The center of Kobe City is on the southern side of the Rokko Mountains. The center of the city stretches out on a long and narrow alluvial fan formed by the Sumiyoshi River, Ikuta River, and Minato River on the southern side of the Rokko Mountains, with Kobe Port in front of it. The port was opened to foreigners under the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan in 1867, and a foreign settlement was established. In 1892, the ports of Hyogo and Kobe, located on the east and west of the Minato River, were integrated, and Kobe became an international port city with the development of shipping and foreign trade, and it became a central part of the Hanshin industrial area with the establishment of industries such as shipbuilding, rubber, and spinning. Port Island and Rokko Island, with their huge container wharves, were built using the Kobe Method, which used soil left over from the development of residential land on hilly areas to expand industrial land. The main industries are transport machinery, rubber products, steel, metal products, machinery, and food products. Large-scale industries include shipbuilding in the Kobe Port area, rolling stock in Hyogo and Chuo Wards, steel and rubber in Chuo Ward, and electrical equipment in Hyogo Ward. Other notable specialty industries include sake brewing in Nada and Higashinada Wards, which belong to the Nada region known as the Nada Gogo, and rubber footwear manufacturing in Nagata and Hyogo Wards. In the mountain and farming areas, suburban agriculture such as the cultivation of vegetables and flowers and dairy farming is practiced. It is the junction of the Tokaido and Sanyo main lines, and is served by the Sanyo Shinkansen and the Chugoku Expressway. Private railways such as Hankyu Railway and Hanshin Railway go to Osaka, Sanyo Electric Railway to Himeji, and Kobe Electric Railway to the north, as well as National Route 2 and Route 43. The Kobe Rapid Railway and Hokushin Kyuko Railway, which connect the four private railways, as well as the Kobe Municipal Subway, also run through the city, and the Hanshin Expressway has been extended east-west and north. The Kobe Awaji Naruto Expressway was also opened, connecting the city to Awaji Island and Shikoku. In February 2006, Kobe Airport (a third-class airport) opened off the coast of Port Island, and is connected to Sannomiya by the new transportation system, the Port Liner. The city center is the Sannomiya and Motomachi districts, which are connected to the center of Kobe Port, and are home to government offices and shopping districts. In 1992, the Kobe Harborland district was created south of JR Kobe Station, and a new comprehensive urban development project has been undertaken, including commercial, business, cultural, and residential areas. The city is also developing as an international tourist city, with historical sites such as Minatogawa Shrine, Ikuta Shrine, Ichinotani, and Hiyodori-goe, tourist spots and scenic spots such as Mt. Rokko, Mt. Maya, Arima Onsen, Sumaura, Maiko, and the night view of Kobe Port, as well as facilities such as the Forest Botanical Garden, Oji Zoo, Suma Aqualife Park, Marine Meteorological Observatory, Port Tower, Meriken Park, Nunobiki Herb Garden, Mt. Rokko Ranch, and Agricultural Park. It is also home to Kobe University, Kobe City Museum, the Prefectural Museum of Art, Kitano Foreigners' Houses, and Hakutsuru Museum of Art, and many foreign diplomatic missions. The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of January 1995 caused great damage, with 4,485 deaths, 14,679 injuries, and 129,954 houses destroyed or burned. The earthquake caused liquefaction that destroyed port facilities in the offshore cities of Port Island and Rokko Island. ^557.02km2 . 1,544,200 people (2010).
→ Related topics Naval Training School | Kobe University of Mercantile Marine | Kobe University | Hyogo Prefecture

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

兵庫県南東部の市。1889年市制。県庁所在地。大阪湾に面し，北の六甲山地北部，西の明石川流域も含み，東灘，灘，兵庫，長田，須磨，垂水，北，中央，西の９区からなる（政令指定都市）。神戸市街の中心部は，六甲山地の南側からなる。市街中心部は六甲山地南側の住吉川，生田川，湊川などがつくる複合扇状地に細長くのび，前面に神戸港がある。1867年日米修好通商条約により開港，外国人居留地もつくられ，1892年湊川の東西にあった兵庫港と神戸港が統合され，海運，外国貿易の発達とともに国際港湾都市となり，造船，ゴム，紡績などの工業も立地して阪神工業地帯の一中心となった。また丘陵地の宅地造成にともなう残土をつかった工業用地の拡大という〈神戸方式〉により，巨大なコンテナー埠頭をもつポートアイランド，六甲アイランドが建設された。　工業は輸送用機械，ゴム製品，鉄鋼，金属製品，機械，食料品などの業種を主とし，大規模工業には神戸港域の造船，兵庫・中央区の車両，中央区の鉄鋼，ゴム，兵庫区の電機などがある。また特産品工業として，灘五郷と称される灘地区に属する灘・東灘区の清酒醸造，長田・兵庫区のゴムはきもの製造が著名。農山村地域では野菜，花卉(かき)の栽培や酪農など近郊農業が営まれる。東海道・山陽両本線の接続点であり，山陽新幹線，中国自動車道が通じる。大阪方面へは阪急電鉄，阪神電鉄，姫路方面へは山陽電鉄，北部へは神戸電鉄の各私鉄が通じ，国道２号線，43号線も通じる。４私鉄を相互連絡する神戸高速鉄道，北神急行電鉄のほか神戸市営地下鉄も通じ，阪神高速道路も東西，北部に延長されている。神戸淡路鳴門自動車道も開通し，淡路島，四国とも結ばれている。2006年２月にはポートアイランド沖に神戸空港（第３種空港）が開港，三宮(さんのみや)と新交通〈ポートライナー〉で結ばれている。　都心は神戸港の中心部に続く三宮(さんのみや)，元町地区で，官庁街，商店街をなす。1992年JR神戸駅の南に神戸ハーバーランド地区が誕生，商業，業務，文化，住宅などの新しい総合的街づくりが試みられている。湊川神社，生田神社，一ノ谷，鵯越(ひよどりごえ)などの史跡，六甲山，摩耶(まや)山，有馬温泉，須磨浦，舞子，神戸港の夜景などの観光地や景勝，森林植物園，王子動物園，須磨海浜水族館，海洋気象台，ポートタワー，メリケンパーク，布引ハーブ園，六甲山牧場，農業公園などの施設があり，国際的な観光都市としても発展している。神戸大学，神戸市立博物館，県立美術館，北野異人館，白鶴美術館があり，外国公館も多い。1995年１月の兵庫県南部地震（阪神・淡路大震災）では，死者4485人，負傷者１万4679人，倒壊・焼失家屋12万9954戸という大被害をうけた。この地震で，海上都市ポートアイランド，六甲アイランドでは液状化現象により港湾設備が損壊した。557.02km²。154万4200人（2010）。
→関連項目海軍操練所｜神戸商船大学｜神戸大学｜兵庫［県］

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