A rectangular land division system in the Midwestern United States. Public land was divided and given away almost free of charge under the Homestead Act of 1862. First, land was divided into townships running east-west and ranges running north-south, every six miles. Then, squares were created every mile, and each quarter of these, 160 acres (about 65 hectares), was assigned as a farm for each family. Thanks to the fertile soil of the prairie and the efforts of the settlers, it developed into one of the world's leading agricultural regions. The overall system is called the township system, and is similar to the Japanese jori system, but the scale, farming methods, and land use are completely different. [Shinzo Kiuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカ中西部の方形の土地区画システム。1862年の自作農(ホームステツド)法に基づいて公有地が分割されて、ほとんど無償で払い下げられた。東西方向のタウンシップと南北方向のレーンジrangeによって、まず6マイルごとに区画され、次に1マイルごとの方画がつくられ、それを四等分した一片、160エーカー(約65ヘクタール)が一戸分の農場として割り当てられた。プレーリー帯の肥沃(ひよく)な土壌と開拓民の努力とによって、世界有数の農業地帯として発展を遂げた。全体のシステムをタウンシップ制とよび、日本の条里制に似ているが、規模、農法、土地利用はまったく異なっている。 [木内信藏] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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