Judgment

...The Asen dynasty, which inhabited the area south of the Danube and founded the Second Bulgarian Empire, was also found to have had Vlakh elements; in fact, a papal bull from Pope Gregory IX (1237) called the king "lord of the Bulgarians and Vlakhs". These Vlakh communities had a customary law called the Vlakh law, and were led by a chief called a cnez or judec, and the military chief of the confederation of communities was a voievod. Many of these communities lost their privileges and were assimilated with the expansion of feudal rule in the 15th and 16th centuries, but it was Wallachia and Moldova that succeeded in forming their own Vlakh states.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "judec" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…またドナウ川南岸地域にも居住し，第二ブルガリア帝国を建てたアセン王朝にはブラフ人の要素が認められ，事実その国王を〈ブルガリア人とブラフ人の支配者〉と呼んでいるローマ教皇グレゴリウス9世の勅書(1237)もある。このようなブラフ人の共同体はブラフ人の法と呼ばれる慣習法をもち，クネズcnezあるいはジュデツjudecと呼ばれる首長に率いられ，さらに共同体連合の軍事的な首長にはボイェボドvoievodがいた。これらの共同体の多くは15～16世紀に強まる領主制支配の拡延によって特権を失い同化されていったが，ブラフ人自身の国家形成に成功したのがワラキアとモルドバだったのである。…

※「judec」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報