A moth belonging to the order Lepidoptera and the family Arctiidae. It is widely distributed in North America from Mexico northward, and is known as a pest whose larvae parasitize many deciduous trees and eat their leaves. It can also cause damage to orchards where pest control is not adequate. It was discovered in the Tokyo and Yokohama areas around 1945 (Showa 20), and since then, it has gradually spread its distribution by parasitizing roadside trees and garden trees, and is now distributed from northern Honshu to northern Shikoku and Kyushu. It is believed to have arrived on military supplies when the US military occupied Japan after World War II. It spread to Europe, starting from Hungary in 1940, by a similar route, and also invaded Korea and became indigenous in 1957. In Japan, it does not spread to forested areas, but parasitizes more than 100 types of trees, including cherry blossoms, roses, apples, oaks, and mulberries, in artificial environments. The females emerge around May and lay 300-800 eggs on the leaves of the food tree. The larvae spin spider webs and live in groups within them until they reach the third stage, then leave the nest and disperse to feed on leaves. When they pupate, they move downwards from the branches and make cocoons in cracks in the trunks or on the walls of nearby buildings. The second generation of adults emerges in July-August and lays eggs, and the larvae that hatch from them become pupae in the fall, where they hibernate and overwinter. The adults have a wingspan of about 30 mm, are pure white, and have a series of gray-black spots on their forewings, but individuals lacking these spots are often seen, especially in the second generation in summer. The adults emerge after sunset and fly around for 1-2 hours after their wings have stretched and hardened, and often come to lights. Males actively fly in search of females at dawn for about an hour to mate. Females lay eggs in relatively bright areas such as the tips of branches, so if the larvae emerge, remove the nest when they are still in their first stages to reduce damage to garden trees. [Hiroshi Inoue] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
昆虫綱鱗翅(りんし)目ヒトリガ科に属するガ。メキシコ以北の北アメリカに広く分布し、幼虫が多くの落葉樹に寄生し、葉を食べる害虫として有名。害虫駆除の行き届かない果樹園にも被害を及ぼすことがある。1945年(昭和20)ごろに東京、横浜地区で発見され、それ以来、街路樹や庭木に寄生して分布をだんだん広げ、現在では本州北部から四国、九州の北部にまで分布するようになった。第二次世界大戦後、アメリカ軍が日本に進駐したとき、軍需物資について渡来したものとされている。同じような経路で1940年にハンガリーを最初としてヨーロッパに広がり、また1957年には韓国に侵入し土着している。日本では森林地帯には広まらず、人為的な環境で、サクラ、バラ、リンゴ、コナラ、クワなど100種以上の樹木に寄生する。 5月ごろ羽化した雌は300~800個の卵を食樹の葉に産み付ける。幼虫は3齢まではクモの巣のような糸を張ってその中で集団生活をし、4齢になると巣を離れ分散して葉を食べる。蛹化(ようか)するときは枝から下のほうに移動し、幹の割れ目や付近の建物の壁面などに繭をつくる。第2回目の成虫は7~8月に羽化し、産卵するが、それから孵化(ふか)した幼虫は秋に蛹(さなぎ)となり、そのまま休眠して越冬する。成虫ははねの開張30ミリメートル前後、純白で前翅(ぜんし)に灰黒色の斑紋(はんもん)を連ねるが、この紋を欠く個体は、とくに夏の第2化に多くみられる。日没後に羽化した成虫は、はねが伸びて硬化すると1~2時間飛び回り、灯火によく飛来する。雄は明け方に雌を求めて活発に飛ぶ配偶行動を約1時間行う。雌は比較的明るい枝先などに産卵するので、幼虫が発生したら、初齢のうちに巣ごと取り除くと、庭木などの被害が少なくてすむ。 [井上 寛] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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