Underground drainage - Kounaihaisui

Japanese: 坑内排水 - こうないはいすい
Underground drainage - Kounaihaisui

The process of draining spring water from inside a mine or coal mine. There is more or less spring water inside the mine where underground resources are extracted, and drainage is required. In addition, Japan has a relatively high rainfall, many geological faults, and many undersea mining sites, so coal mines in particular require a large amount of drainage. The amount of drainage required tends to increase in inland mines during the rainy season and snowmelt season, but in undersea mining, it is almost constant throughout the year. Since the spring water that accompanies tunnel excavation is collected at the bottom of the mine in a drainage ditch, horizontal tunnels are usually excavated at an upward gradient of about 1 in 200 to 500. In addition, in the case of fault water veins or old mines, or in undersea mining, a concrete waterproof dam is built inside the mine to prepare for unexpected flooding. For drainage inside the mine, pneumatic reciprocating pumps (Washington pumps), self-feeding pumps, jet pumps, etc. are used for local drainage, and high-lift multi-stage turbine pumps and volute pumps are used for main drainage. Furthermore, in undersea coal mines and mines with corrosive underground seepage, the corrosion resistance of pumps and piping becomes an issue.

[Yoshiaki Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鉱山または炭鉱の坑内湧水(ゆうすい)を坑外へ排出する作業。地下資源を採掘する坑内には多かれ少なかれ湧水があり、排水を必要とする。また、日本は降雨量が比較的多く、地質的に断層が多く、海底採掘を行っているところも多いという理由から、とくに炭鉱では多量の排水を必要としている。必要排水量は、内陸の鉱山では雨期や融雪期に多くなる傾向にあるが、海底採掘の場合は年間を通じてほぼ一定である。坑道掘進に伴う湧水は排水溝で坑底に集めるため、水平坑道は通常200~500分の1程度の上り勾配(こうばい)で掘進するのが普通である。さらに断層水脈とか旧坑がある場合や海底採掘では不時出水に備えて坑内にコンクリートの防水ダムを築造する。坑内排水のため局部用には空気動の往復ポンプ(ウォシントンポンプ)や自給水ポンプ、ジェットポンプなどが使われ、主要排水には高揚程の多段タービンポンプやボリュートポンプが使われる。なお海底炭鉱や腐食性坑内湧水のある鉱山ではポンプや配管の耐食性が問題になる。

[渡辺慶輝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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