Manpozan Incident

In July 1931, armed clashes between Korean and Chinese farmers occurred near Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Behind the incident was Japan, which was plotting to invade Manchuria (northeastern China). Over 300 Korean farmers, whose uprising in the island region had been suppressed the previous year, had relocated to the area near Wanbaoshan, renting about 1,000 chobu (about 10 square kilometers) of land from a Chinese landowner and planning to carry out irrigation work to develop rice paddies. The Chinese side considered this to be part of the aggressive policy of Japanese imperialism and demanded that they leave. Then in July, 500 armed Chinese farmers attacked the relocation area and destroyed the water facilities. Japan responded by dispatching its consular police and putting pressure on China. In Japan, this was widely publicized, along with the "Captain Nakamura Incident" in which a staff officer disguised as a Mongolian and was killed while investigating the Khingan Mountains in June of that year, and was used to create public opinion in favor of the invasion of Manchuria. In Korea, too, there were frequent incidents of retaliation in which the people who had received Japanese propaganda attacked Chinese residents. Thus, in September of the same year, the Manchurian Incident broke out.

[Tadao Furumaya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1931年7月、中国吉林(きつりん)省長春付近で起きた朝鮮人農民と中国人農民の武力衝突事件。背後には満州（中国東北）侵略を企図する日本の存在があった。前年間島地方で蜂起(ほうき)を鎮圧された朝鮮人農民300人余りは、万宝山付近に移住、中国人地主から約1000町歩（約10平方キロメートル）の土地を借り、灌漑(かんがい)工事を行って水田を開発しようとした。中国側は、これが日本帝国主義の侵略政策の一環であるとみなして、彼らに退去を要求した。そして7月には中国人農民500人が武装して移住地区を襲い、水利施設を破壊した。これに対し日本は、領事警察を出動させて対抗するとともに、中国に圧力を加え、日本国内においては、同年6月モンゴル人に変装して興安嶺(こうあんれい)地方を調査していた参謀本部員が殺害された「中村大尉事件」とあわせて大々的に宣伝、満州侵略の世論作りに利用した。朝鮮でも日本の宣伝を受けた民衆が中国人居留民を襲う報復事件が頻発した。こうして同年9月満州事変が勃発(ぼっぱつ)した。

［古厩忠夫］

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