The first modern secret political society in late Qing China. Founded in Hawaii in 1894 by Sun Yat-sen at the start of the Sino-Japanese War, it was expanded and reorganized with the addition of the Furen Literary Society amid the public outrage following the defeat. The Reviving China Society Manifesto called for patriots to work together to save the nation from the corruption of the Qing dynasty and the invasion of the great powers, and the membership oath called for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the construction of a democratic nation, later adding the equalization of land rights to its platform. The Reviving China Society established branches in Japan, America, Southeast Asia, and other places, and staged the Guangzhou Uprising in 1995 and the Huizhou Incident in 1900, but both failed. Eventually, as revolutionary sentiment grew among students studying in Japan, the various revolutionary factions came together around the Reviving China Society, and in 1905 the China Tongming Society was formed. [Yutaka Nozawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
清(しん)末の中国で最初の近代的な秘密政治結社。1894年、日清(にっしん)戦争の初め、孫文(そんぶん/スンウェン)によりハワイで創立され、敗戦による民心激高のなかで、輔仁文社(ほじんぶんしゃ)を加え、拡大改組された。興中会宣言は、清朝の腐敗と列強の侵略による民族的危機を救うために、愛国者の一致協力を求め、入会の誓いでは清朝の打倒、民主国家の建設をうたい、のち地権の平均を加えて綱領とした。興中会は、日本、アメリカ、東南アジアなどに支部をたてていき、95年に広州蜂起(ほうき)、1900年に恵州事件などを起こしたが、失敗に終わった。やがて、留日学生の間などで革命的風潮が高まるにつれて、興中会を中心に革命的諸派が結集して、05年に中国同盟会が組織された。 [野澤 豊] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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