Synthesis gas (English spelling)

Japanese: 合成ガス - ごうせいがす(英語表記)synthesis gas
Synthesis gas (English spelling)

It is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, but when it is used as a raw material for chemical synthesis rather than as a fuel, it is called synthetic gas. It is used to synthesize ammonia, methanol (methyl alcohol), octanol and butanol by the Oxo process, hydrocarbon fuel by the Fischer-Tropsch process, and methane as an alternative natural gas. The most commonly used manufacturing method is the steam reforming method, in which light hydrocarbons such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and naphtha are reacted with steam using a nickel-based catalyst. There is also a method of partial oxidation at high temperatures of over 1500°C using heavy oil and oxygen. Synthetic gas can also be obtained by gasifying coal with steam and oxygen. Since the price of raw materials has a significant impact on the price of products, Japan's competitiveness as a user of imported raw materials has declined significantly, and methanol production in Japan, which began in 1932 (Showa 7), was stopped in 1995 (Heisei 7), and all domestic consumption is covered by imports. On the other hand, as of 2008 (Heisei 20), 1.2 million tons of ammonia is produced annually.

[Akira Tomita]

[Reference] | Steam reforming | Coal gasification

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一酸化炭素と水素の混合ガスのことであるが、それを燃料として用いるのではなく、化学合成用の原料として用いる場合にとくに合成ガスという。アンモニア、メタノール(メチルアルコール)、オキソ法によるオクタノール、ブタノール、フィッシャー‐トロプシュ法による炭化水素燃料、あるいは代替天然ガスとしてのメタンの合成などに用いられる。製法は、天然ガス、液化石油ガス(LPG)、ナフサのような軽質炭化水素を、ニッケル系触媒を用いて水蒸気と反応させる水蒸気改質法がもっとも多く用いられている。そのほか、重質油と酸素を用いて1500℃以上の高温で部分酸化する方法もある。合成ガスは水蒸気と酸素による石炭のガス化によっても得られる。原料価格が製品価格に大きく影響するので、輸入原料を用いる日本の競争力は著しく低下し、1932年(昭和7)に始まった日本におけるメタノールの生産は1995年(平成7)に停止され、国内消費分は全量輸入でまかなわれている。一方、アンモニアは2008年(平成20)時点でも年間120万トン生産されている。

[富田 彰]

[参照項目] | 水蒸気改質法 | 石炭ガス化

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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