A research institute in Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Founded in 1930 with a donation of 5 million dollars from businessman Louis Bamberger and others, it is a separate organization from Princeton University, although there is research exchange. It has departments such as history, mathematics, and natural sciences. The history department covers departments that do not require experimental facilities, such as literature, law, and economics. In the 1930s, the rise of the Nazis in Europe led to persecution of Jews, and the institute actively welcomed scientists who were forced to flee, including Einstein and J. L. von Neumann. It has a staff of around 100 people, and is highly regarded for its good research environment, attracting leading researchers in their respective fields from all over the world, but there are also many mobile researchers who return to their home countries after a few years of research. The Japanese students who came to study at this institute were Hideki Yukawa and Shinichiro Tomonaga in physics, and Shizuo Kakutani (1911-2004) and Kunihiko Kodaira in mathematics. After the Second World War, Oppenheimer, who was strongly opposed to the research and development of hydrogen bombs, served as the institute's director. Today, along with the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Atomic Physics in Copenhagen, it is at the forefront of mathematical physics. [Akira Suzumebe] [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカ、ニュー・ジャージー州プリンストンにある研究所。実業家バンバーガーLouis Bambergerらの寄付金500万ドルを基礎にして1930年に創設された研究所で、研究上の交流は行われているが、プリンストン大学とは別の組織である。史学、数学、自然科学などの部門をもっている。史学部門とは、文学、法律、経済をはじめとして実験設備の必要ない部門が対象になっている。1930年代、ヨーロッパでのナチスの台頭により、ユダヤ人が迫害され、アインシュタイン、J・L・フォン・ノイマンらをはじめ亡命せざるをえなかった科学者を積極的に迎え入れた。所員は100名前後で、研究環境のよい点で高く評価され、世界各国からそれぞれの分野の第一線の研究者が集まっているが、数年間の研究で帰国するという流動的な研究者も多い。日本からこの研究所に留学したのは物理学の湯川秀樹(ひでき)、朝永振一郎(ともながしんいちろう)、数学の角谷静夫(かくたにしずお)(1911―2004)、小平邦彦(くにひこ)である。第二次世界大戦後、水爆の研究開発に強く反対していたオッペンハイマーが研究所長を務めたこともある。今日ではコペンハーゲンにある北欧理論原子物理学研究所とともに、数理物理学の先端を担っている。 [雀部 晶] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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