Goji

From the mid-Heian period onwards, the Go no Tsukasa (go governor), an administrative position, was one of the kokuga territories (public territories). The title of Gocho under the Ritsuryo system disappeared in the 10th century, and Goji appeared in the 11th century. The districts and towns under the Ritsuryo system were also dissolved in the 10th century, and by the beginning of the 11th century, medieval territories such as districts, towns, and wards under the control of the kokuga were in parallel. These medieval territories were based on private territories developed by daimyo tato (feudal lords) and local powerful clans, and were established by reorganizing them as administrative units (reorganization of the Gun-Go system). Goji and others made private territories such as Go hereditary and became zaichokanjin (local government officials) who were responsible for the administration of the kokuga, and the territories such as districts, towns, and wards essentially became kokugaryo territories controlled by zaichokanjin.

[Tetsuo Suzuki]

"On the Establishment of Goji by Hisato Matsuoka" (Historical Studies No. 215)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安中期以降の国衙(こくが)領（公領）の一つであった郷の司(つかさ)すなわち行政職。律令制下の郷長の称は10世紀には消滅し、11世紀に入ると郷司が登場する。律令制下の郡や郷も10世紀には解体し、11世紀初頭になると新たに国衙が支配する中世的所領としての郡、郷、保などが並列するかたちとなった。こうした中世的所領は、大名田堵(だいみょうたと)や地方豪族などの開発領主(かいほつりょうしゅ)による開発私領を核としたもので、行政単位として再編されたことで成立した（郡郷制の再編）。郷司などは私領としての郷などを世襲化するとともに、国衙の行政をになう在庁官人となり、郡、郷、保などの所領は実質的に在庁官人によって支配される国衙領となった。

［鈴木哲雄］

『松岡久人著「郷司の成立について」（『歴史学研究』215号）』

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