Each firefighter - Kakujibikeshi

Japanese: 各自火消 - かくじびけし
Each firefighter - Kakujibikeshi

…Furthermore, in 1717 (Kyoho 2), the shogunate required each feudal lord to send out firefighters to extinguish fires in town houses near their feudal domain residences. These were called kachōji-bikeshi (firefighters in each town), or sanchō-bikeshi (firefighters in the neighborhood).
[Regular firefighters]
The shogunate, realizing that the fire brigades of feudal lords alone could not cope with the Great Fire of Meireki, established the regular fire brigades the following year in 1658 (Manji 1).

*Some of the terminology used in this article refers to "each person taking part in a firefighting campaign."

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…さらに1717年(享保2)幕府は各大名に,藩邸の近隣の町屋の消火への出動を義務づけた。これを各自火消といい,三町火消,近所火消ともよんだ。
[定火消]
 明暦の大火により大名火消程度では対応できないことを痛感した幕府は,その翌年の1658年(万治1)定火消を創設した。…

※「各自火消」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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