In procedural law, it refers to an appeal against decisions and orders made by a court, and its meaning differs between the Civil Procedure Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. [Yoshinobu Homma] Appeals in civil casesIt refers to appeals against decisions and orders. Because decisions and orders are judgments on relatively minor matters or matters that require prompt processing, appeals against them are resolved through simple procedures, separate from the substance of the case, that is, independent of appeals against final judgments. There are ordinary appeals, immediate appeals, special appeals, and permission appeals. [Yoshinobu Homma] Summary appealAn immediate appeal is an appeal that must be filed within one week after the notice of the judgment, and is only permitted in statutory cases where a prompt decision is required (for example, Articles 21, 44, 71, and 75 of the Civil Procedure Act). An immediate appeal has the effect of suspending the execution of the original judgment (Article 334 of the same Act). [Yoshinobu Homma] Special appeal/permission appeal/regular appealA special appeal is an appeal that can be filed with the Supreme Court against a decision or order that cannot be appealed against in the first place, on the grounds that it contains an erroneous interpretation of the Constitution or some other violation of the Constitution, and the appeal period is five days (Civil Procedure Act, Article 336). An appeal with leave is an appeal to the Supreme Court that is granted by leave when the High Court finds that the decision or order contains a violation of precedent or other important matters related to the interpretation of laws and regulations. A regular appeal is anything other than the above, but in principle, appeals can only be filed against decisions or orders that dismiss a petition regarding the proceedings without oral argument (Civil Procedure Act, Article 328, Paragraph 1). Note that appeals cannot be filed against decisions or orders of the Supreme Court, High Court, or commissioned or entrusted judges, nor can appeals be filed against other trials where appeals are prohibited or where methods of appeal other than appeals are permitted. In addition to the above, appeals can also be divided into first appeals and second appeals (Article 330 of the Code of Civil Procedure). Second appeals are appeals that can be filed against the decision of the appellate court on the first appeal, and are equivalent to an appeal against the judgment of a lawsuit. The court with jurisdiction over appeals is the higher court, while for summary court decisions it is the district court, and for district court decisions it is the high court. Appeals are filed in writing with the original court (Civil Procedure Act, Articles 286 and 331). The hearing is based on optional oral argument. In addition to the above, there are also appeals against execution under the Civil Execution Act (Article 10 of the Civil Execution Act) and appeals against preservation under the Civil Preservation Act (Article 41 of the Civil Preservation Act). [Yoshinobu Homma] Appeals in criminal casesIt refers to an appeal against a decision (an appeal against a court order is called a quasi-appeal). There are general appeals and special appeals, and general appeals are further classified into ordinary appeals (appeals against court decisions other than those in which an immediate appeal is permitted) and immediate appeals (which must be filed within three days and are permitted only when the law specifically permits). A special appeal is an appeal that is permitted to be filed to the Supreme Court against a decision or order that cannot be appealed against, on the grounds that it violates the Constitution or precedent (Article 433, paragraph 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). Note that the Code of Criminal Procedure does not allow for a second appeal. To file an appeal, a petition must be submitted to the original court. If the original court finds the appeal to be well-founded, it must amend its decision, or if it finds the appeal to be without merit, it must send it to the appellate court. [Yoshinobu Homma] [Reference] | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
訴訟法上、裁判所がする裁判のうちの決定および命令に対する上訴をいい、民事訴訟法と刑事訴訟法では意義を異にする。 [本間義信] 民事訴訟における抗告決定および命令に対する上訴をいう。決定、命令は比較的軽微な事項や迅速な処理を要する事項に対する裁判であるから、これらに対する不服申立ては、事件の実体から切り離して、すなわち、終局判決に対する控訴とは独立して、簡単な手続で解決することにしている。抗告には、通常抗告、即時抗告、特別抗告および許可抗告がある。 [本間義信] 即時抗告即時抗告とは、裁判の告知後1週間以内に行うことを要する抗告で、迅速な確定が要求されるものにつき法定の場合にのみ(たとえば民事訴訟法21条・44条・71条・75条など)認められる。即時抗告は原裁判の執行停止の効力を有する(同法334条)。 [本間義信] 特別抗告・許可抗告・通常抗告特別抗告とは、もともと不服申立てができない決定・命令について、それに憲法の解釈の誤りその他の憲法違反のあることを理由として最高裁判所に行うことができる抗告をいい、抗告期間は5日である(民事訴訟法336条)。許可抗告とは、高等裁判所が判例違反その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むと認める場合に、許可により認める、最高裁判所への抗告をいう。通常抗告とは、前記以外のものをいうが、抗告できるのは原則として、口頭弁論を経ないで訴訟手続に関する申立てを却下した決定または命令に対してである(同法328条1項)。なお、決定・命令であっても、最高裁判所、高等裁判所および受命・受託裁判官のそれに対しては抗告ができず、そのほか不服申立ての禁止されている裁判、抗告以外の不服申立て方法の認められている裁判に対しても抗告ができない。 抗告にはこのほか、最初の抗告、再抗告(民事訴訟法330条)という分類もある。再抗告は、最初の抗告についての控訴審の裁判に対して、さらに抗告できるものをさし、訴訟の判決に対する上告にあたる。 抗告の管轄裁判所は、上級裁判所であり、簡易裁判所の裁判に対しては地方裁判所、地方裁判所のそれに対しては高等裁判所である。抗告の提起は、原裁判所へ書面で行う(民事訴訟法286条・331条)。審理は任意的口頭弁論に基づき行う。 なお、前記のもの以外に、民事執行法上の執行抗告(民事執行法10条)、民事保全法上の保全抗告(民事保全法41条)がある。 [本間義信] 刑事訴訟における抗告決定に対する上訴をいう(裁判所の命令に対する不服申立ては準抗告という)。抗告には一般抗告と特別抗告とがあり、一般抗告はさらに、通常抗告(即時抗告ができる場合以外の裁判所の決定に対する抗告)と即時抗告(3日以内に提起を必要とするもので、法がとくに許す旨規定している場合にのみ認められる)に分類される。特別抗告とは、不服申立てができない決定または命令に対して、憲法違反、判例違反の事由があることを理由として最高裁判所へとくに提起することを許された抗告(刑事訴訟法433条1項)をいう。なお、刑事訴訟法では再抗告はできない。 抗告をするには、申立書を原裁判所に提出しなければならない。原裁判所は抗告に理由があると認めるときは決定を更正し、理由がないと認めるときは、抗告裁判所へ送付しなければならない。 [本間義信] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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