Libel law - Zambouritsu

Japanese: 讒謗律 - ざんぼうりつ
Libel law - Zambouritsu

Japan's first independent libel law was promulgated on June 28, 1875 (Meiji 8). It consisted of eight articles, with the severity of the penalties (in the order mentioned above) depending on the type of person targeted: a palanquin (the emperor's vehicle, which eventually became the emperor), members of the imperial family, government officials (or their duties), nobility, or commoners. However, since the crime was limited to "those who use written works, or drawings, or portraits, and exhibit, sell, or post them to libel or slander others" (Article 1), it is clear that this proclamation was a law to suppress publishing, on a par with the Newspaper Ordinance promulgated on the same day. In fact, from this point on, any article that criticized government policies meant that the writer would be punished under this libel law, ushering in an era of terror for journalists. It was abolished when the (old) Penal Code was promulgated on July 17, 1980.

[Akihiko Sunohara]

[Reference items] | Speech control | Newspaper regulations

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1875年(明治8)6月28日に布告されたわが国最初の独立名誉毀損(きそん)法。全文8条からなり、乗輿(じょうよ)(天皇の乗り物、転じて天皇)、皇族、官吏(の職務)、華士族平民とそれぞれ対象になる人格によって刑の軽重(前記の順序)があった。だがこの罪は「著作文書若(もし)クハ画図肖像ヲ用ヒ展観シ若クハ発売シ若クハ貼示(ちょうじ)シテ人ヲ讒毀シ若クハ誹謗(ひぼう)スル者」(1条)に限られているところから、この布告は、同日に布告された新聞紙条例と並ぶ出版弾圧法であることは明らかで、事実、これ以後、政府の施策を批判した記事は、この讒謗律によって筆者が処罰されることになり、記者の恐怖時代を現出する。80年7月17日に(旧)刑法が布告されると同時に廃止された。

[春原昭彦]

[参照項目] | 言論統制 | 新聞紙条例

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