A collective term for the appendages and protrusions around the mouth of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects that are used for ingesting and chewing food. Crustaceans, such as crayfish, have one pair each of the large jaw, first and second jaws, the first, second and third maxillae, and an upper lip in front of the large jaw and a lower lip protrusion behind it. In grass-eating insects such as grasshoppers, the upper lip covers the front of the pair of large and small jaws, the lower lip is behind them, and the hypopharynx (tongue) is located inside. Other insects have the same basic structure, but depending on their feeding habits, each part is modified depending on whether the mouth is for sucking, stabbing or licking. In short-lived adults such as silkworms and mayflies, the mouthparts are extremely degenerate. Myriapods such as centipedes and millipedes also have one pair of large jaws and two pairs (for centipedes) or one pair of small jaws. However, arachnids such as spiders do not have what can be called mouthparts. The mouthparts are equipped with chemical sensory organs that serve to distinguish whether or not there is food. [Takehiko Nakane] [Reference] |©Toshio Sekiguchi "> Insect Organs (Mouthparts) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
甲殻類や昆虫類など節足動物の口の周辺にあって食物の摂取やそしゃくに用いられる頭の付属肢や突起物をまとめた呼称。甲殻類、たとえばザリガニでは、大あご、第1小あご、第2小あご、第1顎脚(がっきゃく)、第2顎脚、第3顎脚が各1対あり、大あごの前に上唇(じょうしん)、後ろに下唇の突起物がある。また、昆虫類のバッタのように草を食べる種類では、大あご、小あご各1対の前を上唇が覆い、後ろには下唇があり、内部に下咽頭(かいんとう)(舌)が位置する構成になっている。ほかの昆虫類でも基本的には同じ構成であるが、食性によって変化し、吸う口、刺す口、なめる口などに応じて各部分が変形している。なお、カイコやカゲロウのような短命の成虫では口器は極端に退化している。多足類のムカデやヤスデの類も1対の大あごと2対(ムカデ)または1対の小あごを備えている。しかし、クモ形類のクモなどでは口器とよべるものはない。口器には化学的な感覚器が分布し、食物かどうかを見分ける働きをしている。 [中根猛彦] [参照項目] |©関口俊雄"> 昆虫の器官(口器) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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