Accelerometer

Japanese: 加速度計 - かそくどけい
Accelerometer

An instrument that measures acceleration electrically or mechanically. There are those that measure linear acceleration and those that measure angular acceleration. According to the second law of motion, the magnitude of acceleration is proportional to the force acting on an object, so accelerometers are used to measure the force acting on the moving parts of vehicles and machines. For example, some earthquake measuring instruments use accelerometers to measure the magnitude of the force generated by an earthquake. Furthermore, by recording the change in acceleration over time, it is possible to know the change in speed and the distance traveled over time, so it is a useful instrument for knowing the position of an aircraft. There are various types of accelerometers, but the main part is designed to detect the movement of the weight or the strain of the spring when acceleration is applied by mechanical or electrical means. For example, in a strain gauge accelerometer, a wire (called a strain gauge) that changes electrical resistance when strained is used instead of a spring to support the weight, and when acceleration is applied, an electrical output is obtained from the strain gauge.

While an accelerometer with a single weight can only measure acceleration in a predefined direction, there are also triaxial accelerometers that use three weights to measure acceleration in three perpendicular directions.

[Mitsuo Ishikawa]

[Reference] | Laws of Motion | Acceleration | Gauge

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

加速度を電気的または機械的に測定する器械。直線加速度を測定するものと、角加速度を測定するものがある。運動の第二法則によって、加速度の大きさは物体に働く力に比例するので、加速度計は乗り物や機械の可動部分に働く力を測定する目的で使われる。たとえば、地震用計測器のなかには加速度計を利用して地震で発生した力の大きさを測定するものがある。さらに加速度の時間的な変化を記録することによって、時間に対する速度の変化や走行距離を知ることができるので、航空機の位置などを知るうえで役にたつ計器である。加速度計には種々の形式のものがあるが、その主要部は、枠の中に一定の質量のおもりをばねなどで取り付け、加速度がかかったときのおもりの動きや、ばねのひずみなどを機械的あるいは電気的方法で検出するようになっている。たとえば、ひずみゲージ加速度計では、ひずみを受けたときに電気抵抗が変化するような線(ひずみゲージという)をばねのかわりに使用しておもりを支え、加速度が加えられると、ひずみゲージから電気的出力が得られるようになっている。

 1個のおもりのついた加速度計では、あらかじめ定められた方向の加速度しか測定できないが、3個のおもりを使って、それぞれ直角な三つの方向の加速度を測定する3軸加速度計もある。

[石川光男]

[参照項目] | 運動の法則 | 加速度 | ゲージ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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