Song scriptures marking style

A book on waka poetry from the Nara period. Written by Fujiwara Hamanari. According to the preface and postscript, it was completed by imperial order in May 772 (Hōki 3). There have been theories that it is a forgery, but it can be recognized as genuine. It is the oldest book on waka poetry, and its theory on kahei (poetry sickness) in particular has had a great influence, even as it has changed since the Heian period. According to the preface, the title of the book is "Kashiki (Poetry Style)." It is also called "Hamanari Style" along with "Kisenshiki (Kisenshiki)," "Hikohimeshiki (Hikohimeshiki)," and "Iwaminojōshiki (Iwaminojōshiki)," and together they are called "Four Waka Styles (Shishiki)." There have been excerpts from it since ancient times. It states that waka poetry differs from slang in terms of phonology, and it classifies poems into various types with particular emphasis on rhythm, and provides examples of poems. The central kahei (poetry sickness) is a rule regarding the denial of the repetition of homophones in specific positions within a poem. Seven types of utabyō and three types of uta style are explained by name, and the uta style (kyurin, shatai, miscellaneous) is further subdivided, but the classification criteria are not necessarily unified. Although the style is in classical Chinese, the waka poems are written in Man'yōgana, and there are 13 poems that do not appear in other books. As the poems themselves and the special kana usage of the ancient period are almost compatible, they can be recognized as works from the middle to the end of the Nara period (including forms other than tanka). Although it is influenced by Chinese poetic theory, it is also clear that it reflects the development of waka history.

[Haruo Fujihira]

"Sasaki Nobutsuna (ed.), "Japanese Poetry Studies Series 1" (1957, Kazama Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

奈良時代の歌学書。藤原浜成(はまなり)著。序、跋(ばつ)によれば、772年（宝亀3）5月勅命により成立。偽作説もあったが、真作と認めうる。最古の歌学書で、とくに歌病(かへい)論は平安時代以降、変化しつつも大きな影響を残した。序によれば書名は『歌式(かしき)』。『喜撰式(きせんしき)』『孫姫式(ひこひめしき)』『石見女式(いわみのじょしき)』と並んで『浜成式』ともよばれ、あわせて「和歌四式(ししき)」という。古くから抄出本がある。歌が俗語と異なるのは音韻によるとし、とくに韻律を重視して各種に分類、例歌を示すが、中心をなす歌病は、歌句中の特定の位置における同音重出の否定に関する規定である。歌病7種と歌体3種について名称をあげて説明、歌体（求韻、査体、雑体）は各体をさらに下位分類しているが、分類基準はかならずしも統一されていない。漢文体であるが、和歌は万葉仮名で、13首の他書にみえない歌があり、歌自体および上代特殊仮名づかいにほぼ適合することから、奈良時代中・末期の作（短歌以外の形式も含む）と認めうる。中国詩論の影響下にあるが、和歌史の展開の反映のあとも明らかである。

［藤平春男］

『佐佐木信綱編『日本歌学大系1』（1957・風間書房）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例